三河牛味蕾和牛舌乳头分布及形态特征研究

Study on the Distribution and Morphological Characteristics of Lingual Papillae and Taste Buds in Sanhe Cattle

【目的】探究三河牛舌上菌状乳头和轮廓乳头的分布特征,及两种乳头所含味蕾数量、形态学差异。【方法】本研究以来自内蒙古呼伦贝尔市的5头20月龄和2头32月龄的三河牛公牛为研究对象,对其舌上的菌状乳头与轮廓乳头进行绘图并计数。此外,针对其中1头牛的牛舌,将其划分为舌圆枕区、舌后区、舌中区和舌尖区4个区域,分区取样后通过切片染色法对菌状乳头和轮廓乳头及其所含味蕾进行观察和计数,制成完整连续的组织切片1233张,采集32个菌状乳头与4个轮廓乳头的味蕾数记录。【结果】牛舌总长度平均为34.4 cm,最宽处平均为8.5 cm,舌圆枕区长度平均为15.4 cm,菌状乳头和轮廓乳头在牛舌左右两侧的分布情况基本相同;三河牛牛舌上菌状乳头数量较多,平均为155个,主要分布在舌背侧面的舌尖到舌圆枕前部的所有区域及舌尖的侧缘和腹侧面,呈现前密后疏的分布规律;菌状乳头上的味蕾数平均为5.1个,从舌尖到舌圆枕,单个菌状乳头内的味蕾数逐渐下降;轮廓乳头数量较少,平均为25个,主要分布在舌圆枕后部两侧;单个轮廓乳头内的味蕾数高于菌状乳头,平均为524.8个;通过切片观察发现,菌状乳头呈蘑菇状,凸出于舌表面,轮廓乳头比菌状乳头宽大,周围具有环状沟。【结论】本研究以三河牛为例发现牛舌乳头左右两侧的分布情况基本相同,轮廓乳头上的味蕾数远大于菌状乳头,本研究结果可为研究牛味觉的生理基础提供参考。

【Objective】The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of fungiform and circumvallate papillae on the tongue of Sanhe cattle,the differences in the amount and morphology of taste buds on the two types of papillae.【Method】Five 20-month-old and two 32-month-old Sanhe bulls from Hulun Buir,Inner Mongolia,China,were used in this study.The fungiform and circumvallate papillae on the tongue were recorded and counted.In addition,one of the tongue was divided into four regions:The torus linguae region,the lingual posterior region,the lingual middle region,and the apex linguae region.After sampling in different regions,the fungiform papillae,circumvallate papillae and their taste buds were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining method.In total,1233 complete serial tissue slices were made,and taste bud of 32 fungiform papillae and 4 circumvallate papillae were found by the serial tissue slices.【Result】The average total length of the cattle tongue was 34.4 cm,the average width was 8.5 cm,and the average length of the torus linguae region of the tongue was 15.4 cm.The distribution of fungiform and circumvallate papillae on both sides of the tongues were similar.There were a large number of fungiform papillae,with an average of 155,mainly distributed in all areas from the apex linguae on the dorsal side of the tongue to the anterior part of the torus linguae,as well as the lateral and ventral sides of the apex linguae,showing a distribution pattern of dense anterior and sparse posterior.For the single fungiform papilla from the apex linguae to the torus linguae of the tongue,the number and density of taste buds gradually decreased,with an average of 5.1 taste buds.The number of circumvallate papillae was relatively small,with an average of 25,mainly distributed on both sides of the posterior part of the torus linguae,but the density of taste buds in a single circumvallate papilla was higher than that of the fungiform papilla,with an average number of taste buds of 524.8.Through slice observation,mushroom-shaped fungiform papillae protruded from the surface of the tongue,with wider circumvallate papillae than the fungiform papillae and a moat around them.【Conclusion】The distribution characteristics of lingual papillae was basically the same on both sides and the density of taste buds in circumvallate papilla was higher than that of the fungiform papilla in Sanhe cattle.It could provide prospective insights and basic information for taste physiology research.