长白山中华蜜蜂遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity Study of Changbaishan Chinese Bee

【目的】探究长白山中华蜜蜂种群遗传多样性,为其资源保护和利用提供理论依据。【方法】采集国家级中蜂(长白山中华蜜蜂)保护区内7个采样点的195群长白山中华蜜蜂,利用11个微卫星标记对其进行基因分型,并对各群体的多态信息含量(PIC)、期望杂合度(He)、观测杂合度(Ho)、近交系数(Fis)、分化系数(Fst)和群体间基因流(Nm)等遗传参数进行评估,研究其遗传多样性,并构建系统进化树。【结果】195个长白山中华蜜蜂蜂群共检测到103个等位基因;除AC306、AG005C、A028、AP049和AP313位点外,其余6个微卫星位点均表现出高度多态;长白山中华蜜蜂7个群体的平均多态信息含量为0.5080,平均期望杂合度为0.5467,平均观测杂合度为0.4662;长白山中华蜜蜂的平均近交系数为―0.0107;7个群体的分化系数为0.0217(长白与抚松)~0.3389(安图与辉南);群体间基因流为0.7126~0.9785。系统进化树结果显示,长白山中华蜜蜂具有3个不同的进化分支。【结论】长白山中华蜜蜂群体整体遗传多态性较高,不同采样点遗传多样性存在差异。研究结果对下一步长白山中华蜜蜂的保护与利用具有重要指导意义。

【Objective】This study was aimed to explore the genetic diversity of Changbaishan Chinese bee,and provide theoretical basis for its conservation and utilization.【Method】A total of 195 broods of Changbaishan Chinese bee were collected from 7 sampling sites in the national Mesobee(Changbaishan Chinese bee)conservation area.11 microsatellite markers were used for genotyping,and genetic parameters such as polymorphism information content(PIC),expected heterozygosity(He),observed heterozygosity(Ho),inbred coefficient(Fis),differentiation coefficient(Fst)and interpopulation gene flow(Nm)were evaluated to study the genetic diversity of each population,and construct phylogenetic tree.【Result】A total of 103 alleles were detected among 195 Changbaishan Chinese bee.Except AC306,AG005C,A028,AP049 and AP313,the other 6 microsatellite loci showed high polymorphism.The average polymorphism information content,expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity were 0.5080,0.5467 and 0.4662,respectively.The average inbred coefficient of Changbaishan Chinese bee was-0.0107.The differentiation coefficient of the 7 populations ranged from 0.0217(Changbai and Fusong)to 0.3389(Antu and Huinan).The gene flow between populations ranged from 0.7126 to 0.9785.The phylogenetic tree showed that there were three different evolutionary branches of the Changbaishan Chinese bee.【Conclusion】The overall genetic polymorphism of Changbaishan Chinese bee was high,and the genetic diversity of different sampling sites was different.The results had important guiding significance for the future protection and utilization of Changbaishan Chinese bee.