辽代饮食与节日探析

Analysis of diet and festivals in Liao dynasty

辽代饮食体系以契丹族“马逐水草,人仰湩酪”的旧俗为基础,在重视农业生产的同时,广泛吸收各民族饮食结构中的优秀因素,形成了以肉类与谷物为中心,蔬果、水产等为补充的民族饮食体系,并对我国北方地区的饮食结构产生了深远影响。在文化交流的过程中,辽代在保留“放偷节”等民族节日的同时,还吸收和借鉴了端午节、中秋节等汉族传统节日,并加入了其他仪式与娱乐活动,展现了辽代独特的节日氛围。在辽代,各族人民进一步交流融合,从人们的饮食情况与节日活动中体现出“汉契共存”的特征,是中华民族农耕文明与游牧文明走向统一的重要一步。

The diet system of Liao dynasty is based on the Khitan’s old custom of“horses chase water and grass,people rely on dairy products”.Attaching importance to agricultural production,the diet system of Liao dynasty extensively absorbed the excellent factors in the diet structure of various ethnic groups,and formed a ethnic diet system centered on meat and grains,supplemented by vegetables,fruits,and aquatic products,and had a profound impact on the diet structure of northern China.In the process of cultural exchange,in Liao dynasty,not only did ethnic festivals such as the Fangtou Festival retain,but also traditional Han festivals such as the Dragon Boat Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival are absorbed,and are added other rituals and entertainment activities,showing the unique and warm festival atmosphere of Liao dynasty.In Liao dynasty,people of all ethnic groups further communicated and integrated,and the characteristics of“Hanqi coexistence”were reflected in diet and festival activities,which was an important step for the unification of the farming civilization and nomadic civilization of the Chinese nation.