甘肃省蔬菜灌溉用水定额修订与评估研究

Research on the Revision and Evaluation of Vegetable Irrigation Water Quota in Gansu Province

农业用水定额研究对推行节约用水、合理配置利用水资源、提高灌溉水有效利用系数具有非常重要的意义。结合2022版甘肃省行业用水定额编制工作,对甘肃省典型灌区蔬菜灌溉用水定额进行修订与评估研究,在收集调研各典型灌区耗水量资料的基础上,根据甘肃省自然地理气候条件重新划分农业灌溉分区,采用经验法、统计分析法和类比法分析计算蔬菜灌溉用水定额通用值与先进值。研究表明:①提出主要以降水量等值线、干旱指数等值线为划分依据,统筹考虑地理分区及其他影响农业灌溉用水因素的农业灌溉分区划分方法,将甘肃省划分为5个农业分区,较现行分区更符合甘肃省地理分布与气候特征,可较好的反应出不同地区间农业灌溉用水差别。②各农业灌溉分区不同种类蔬菜用水定额介于2700~9300 m^(3)/hm^(2)之间,其中洋葱定额值最高为3750~9300 m^(3)/hm^(2),日光温室蔬菜定额最低为2700~5700 m^(3)/hm^(2);农业灌溉分区蔬菜定额呈现出高、中、低三条变化趋势,其中多数作物位于中段位置,变化趋势符合植物生长特性与农业节水特点。③各农业分区蔬菜用水定额相差较大,表现为由东至西、由南至北依次递增,河西走廊大于陇东高原,陇中大于陇南,基本符合降水量等值线分布规律和地区农田灌溉特点。④采用量化赋值法评估体系,得出甘肃省蔬菜灌溉定额覆盖性为“合理”,实用性为“严格”,合理性为“严格”,先进性为“合理”,修订后的蔬菜定额标准在“四性”方面均有显著改善。

The research on agricultural water quota is of great significance for promoting water conservation,rational allocation and utiliza⁃tion of water resources,and improving the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water.Based on the work of industry water quota compi⁃lation in Gansu Province in 2022,this paper revises and evaluates the water quota for vegetable irrigation in typical irrigation areas in Gansu Province.On the basis of collecting and investigating the water consumption data of each typical irrigation area,the agricultural irrigation zones are re-divided according to the natural geographical and climatic conditions in Gansu Province,and the general value and advanced value of the water quota for vegetable irrigation are analyzed and calculated by empirical method,statistical analysis method and analogy method.The research shows that①based on the precipitation isoline and drought index isoline,the agricultural irrigation zoning method is put forward, which takes geographical zoning and other factors affecting agricultural irrigation water into consideration. Gansu Province is di⁃vided into five agricultural zones, which is more in line with the geographical distribution and climate characteristics of Gansu Province thanthe current zoning, and can better reflect the differences in agricultural irrigation water use between different regions. ②The water quota fordifferent kinds of vegetables in each agricultural irrigation zone is between 27 00 and 9 300 m^(3)/hm^(2). The maximum quota for onions is 3 750to 9 300 m^(3)/hm^(2), and the minimum quota for vegetables in solar greenhouse is 2 700 to 5 700 m^(3)/hm^(2). The vegetable quota of agricultural irri⁃gation zones shows three trends: high, medium and low, most of which are located in the middle, and the trend of change is consistent withthe characteristics of plant growth and agricultural water-saving. ③ The water quota for vegetables in different agricultural zones varies great⁃ly, which is shown as increasing from the east to the west and from the south to the north. The Hexi Corridor is larger than the eastern Long⁃dong Plateau, and the central Longnan is larger than the southern Longnan, which basically conforms to the distribution law of precipitationisoline and the characteristics of regional farmland irrigation. ④ Using the quantitative evaluation system, it is concluded that the coverage ofvegetable irrigation quota in Gansu Province is“ reasonable”, the practicability is“ strict”, the rationality is“ strict”, and the progressive⁃ness is“ reasonable”. The revised vegetable quota standard has significantly improved in“ four properties”.