齐格蒙特·鲍曼对大屠杀的伦理批判

Zygmunt Bauman’s Ethical Critique of the Holocaust

齐格蒙特·鲍曼以对西方现代性和后现代性问题的反思著称,在《现代性与大屠杀》中,鲍曼认为大屠杀之所以发生并非因为犹太人所具有的“无民族的民族”特性,而是因为以“理性”为精神支撑、以“科层制”为基本架构的现代社会所造成的价值无涉的设计者、责任悬浮的实施者、道德中立的旁观者以及理性合作的受害者这四者的密切配合。鲍曼指出产生大屠杀的条件——“工具理性与科层制合谋”在当今社会并未消失,现代及后现代社会避免这种群体恶性事件重现的关键在于,通过明确道德之先验性、无条件地对他者负责以及承认个体道德多样性来唤醒个体的道德良知与道德责任。

Zygmunt Baumann is known for his reflections on the problems of Western modernity and postmodernity,in Modernity and the Holocaust,Baumann argues that the Holocaust did not occur because of the“nationless national identity”of the Jews,but because of the close cooperation of the four designers of value-free in modern society with“reason”as the spiritual support and“bureaucracy”as the basic structure.Baumann points out that the conditions that gave rise to the Holocaust—“instrumental rationality and bureaucratic collusion”—have not disappeared in today’s society,and the key to avoiding the resurgence of such mass violence in modern and postmodern societies lies in the awakening of the individual’s moral conscience and responsibility through the clarification of morality’s a priori nature,unconditional accountability to the Other,and the recognition of the individual’s moral diversity.