论大川周明的思想核心及其实质——从宗教观到政治思想

On the Core Ideas and Essence of Shumei Okawa’s Thought— From Religious Views to Political Ideology

大川周明是日本法西斯主义在思想界的代表人物,他的思想源于宗教认识,由此波及他对政治的认识;大川关心的不是既成的宗教或宗派,而是一切信仰根源的感情或精神的存在方式;“道义国家”思想是其“国家革新”运动和亚细亚主义共同的原理论。他通过对东方传统思想的阐释,提出“道义国家”思想,以此作为自己的国家哲学。大川周明以“道义国家”思想阐明日本文明的原理在于天皇中心主义的“道义”精神,日本国内的社会矛盾来源于与日本天皇崇拜的“道义”精神不相容的西方化,他的宗教论最终成为作为宗教的天皇制强有力的补充。大川周明政治思想的一大特征在于道义性,他以“道义国家”思想表述亚细亚主义,打着恢复亚洲传统思想、建立道义共同体、实现“仁”的旗号,支持对外侵略战争,最终背离了正义。

Shumei Okawa is a representative figure of Japanese fascism in the intellectual sphere.His ideas stem from religious understanding,which subsequently influences his understanding of politics.Okawa is concerned not with established religions or sects,but rather with the emotional and spiritual existence of all belief origins.The concept of the“Moral State”serves as the theoretical foundation for his“National Renovation”movement and Pan-Asianism.Through the interpretation of Eastern traditional thought,Okawa proposes the concept of the“Moral State”as his own national philosophy.He uses this concept to elucidate that the principle of Japanese civilization lies in the“moral”spirit of emperor-centered ideology.He argues that the internal social contradictions in Japan stem from the incompatibility between Westernization and the“moral”spirit of the Japanese Emperor worship.His theory on religion ultimately becomes a powerful supplement to the Japanese Emperor system as a religion.One notable characteristic of Okawa’s political ideology is its emphasis on ethicality.Under the banner of restoring Asian traditional thought,establishing an ethical community,and realizing“benevolence”,he articulates Pan-Asianism through the concept of the“Moral State”,supporting aggressive wars abroad,which ultimately deviates from justice.