番茄秸秆不同还田方式对黄瓜和西瓜幼苗生长的影响

Effects of Different Returning Methods of Tomato Straw on Seedling Growth of Cucumber and Watermelon

以番茄秸秆为试材,采用盆栽方法,研究番茄秸秆不同还田方式(鲜样还田、干样还田、堆肥还田)对黄瓜和西瓜幼苗生长的影响及化感效应,以期为番茄秸秆肥料化应用提供参考依据。结果表明:番茄秸秆还田30 d内,堆肥还田处理对黄瓜和西瓜幼苗生长均为促进作用,能够显著提高根系生物量积累。鲜样还田和干样还田处理对黄瓜、西瓜幼苗生长均为化感抑制作用,鲜样还田的抑制效应更强,尤其是对根系生物量积累有显著的抑制作用。黄瓜幼苗在还田30 d内较西瓜幼苗受抑制效应更强,且随还田时间的延长抑制效应加强,西瓜幼苗在还田20 d后抑制作用减弱。在生产中,推荐优先选择番茄秸秆堆肥还田,直接还田(鲜样或干样)建议有30 d以上的腐解期再定植瓜类蔬菜作物。

Taking tomato straw as test materials,the effects of different returning methods of tomato straw(fresh straw crushed,sun-dried and composted)on the growth of cucumber and watermelon seedlings and their allelopathy were studied in pot culture,in order to provide reference the way of fertilizer utilization of tomato straw.The results showed that within 30 days of returning tomato straw to the field,composting treatment promoted the growth of cucumber and watermelon seedlings,significantly increased the accumulation of root biomass.The fresh and dry straw returning treatments had allelopathic inhibition on the growth of cucumber and watermelon seedlings,and the fresh straw returning treatment had stronger inhibition effect,especially on the accumulation of root biomass.The inhibition effect of cucumber seedlings was stronger than that of watermelon seedlings within 30 days of returning to the field,and the inhibition effect was strengthened with the extension of returning time.The inhibition effect of watermelon seedlings was weakened after 20 days of returning.Therefore,in production,tomato straw compost should be preferentially returned to the field,and directly returned to the field(fresh sample or dry straw).It was recommended to have a decomposition period of more than 30 days before planting melons and vegetable crops.