芳香卤代物C—S偶联反应的研究进展

Research Progress in C—S Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halides

含硫化合物在天然产物、药物、农药和材料中广泛存在,具有多种生物活性或独特功能.C—S偶联反应是合成含硫化合物的重要方法,是有机合成领域的研究热点之一.随着对催化剂的深入开发和对含硫偶联反应物的不断扩展,近年来涌现出大量的C—S偶联反应方法,为含硫化合物的合成提供了便利.芳香卤代烃是合成含硫化合物的主要底物,通过设计不同的反应体系和含硫偶联反应物进行C—S偶联反应,能够高效地合成硫酚、硫醚、二硫醚和砜等含硫化合物.按照不同种类的含硫偶联反应物类型和催化剂种类(钯、铜和镍等)进行分类,综述了近年来以芳香卤代烃为底物的C—S偶联反应,并对代表性反应的机理做了简要说明和比较.此外,还对这一领域目前存在的问题和局限性进行简要分析,并对未来发展方向提出展望.

Sulfur-containing compounds are widely found in natural products,pharmaceuticals,pesticides,and materials,possessing a variety of biological activities or unique functions.C—S coupling reaction is an important method for the synthesis of sulfur-containing compounds and is one of the hot spots in the field of organic synthesis.With the in-depth development of catalysts and the continuous expansion of sulfur-containing coupling partners,a large number of C—S coupling reactions have emerged in recent years,which greatly facilitate the synthesis of sulfur-containing compounds.Aryl halides are the main kind of substrates for the synthesis of sulfur-containing compounds.C—S coupling reactions of aryl halides and sulfur-containing coupling partners can efficiently afford sulfur-containing compounds,such as thiophenols,thioethers,disulfides and sulfones in different well-designed reaction systems.In this review,the C—S coupling reactions with aryl halides as substrates are reviewed according to the different types of sulfur-containing coupling partners and catalysts(palladium,copper,nickel,and others).The mechanisms of representative reactions are briefly described and compared.In addition,a brief analysis of the current situations and limitations in this field is given,and a prospect for future development is put forward.