祁英涛先生文物保护理论与实践经验管窥——忆古建培训班和曲阜孔庙奎文阁修缮工程

Understanding of Qi Yingtao's Theory and Practice in Heritage Conservation:Recollecting the Training Courses on Ancient Architecture and the Repair Project of Kuiwen Hall at Confucius Temple in Qufu

祁英涛先生作为我国著名的古建筑保护专家,在新中国成立初期至1980年代参与主持了大量重要文物保护修缮工程,对文物保护理论与实践经验进行总结,多次参与全国古建专业培训授课工作,为地方培养了大批建筑保护人才。本文以作者亲身经历,记述了祁英涛在1980年湖北当阳玉泉寺全国第四期古建筑测绘训练班、1981年山西运城古建培训班的授课情况,着重记述了祁英涛主持的1980年代曲阜孔庙奎文阁修缮工程全过程,指出祁英涛文物保护理论与实践经验在奎文阁修缮工程中主要体现在坚持不改变文物原状原则、修缮工程中采取的保护加固措施、新材料和新技术使用等方面,特别指出祁英涛在修缮工程中提出的坚持经常性保养工程、建立专业的直营维修队伍、充足的材料储备等理念,让其在从事文物保护工程实践中受益终身。

Qi Yingtao,a prominent Chinese expert in ancient architecture conservation,led many major heritage protection and restoration projects.He summarized his theoretical and practical experience of heritage conservation and engaged in the teaching of professional training of ancient architecture.Based on the author's personal experience,this paper recounts Qi's instructional role in the fourth national training course on ancient architecture survey at Yuquan Temple,Dangyang,Hubei in 1980 and the training course on ancient architecture in Yuncheng,Shanxi in 1981.This paper focuses on Qi's leading role throughout the repair project of Kuiwen Hall at Confucius Temple in Qufu.His theoretical insight and practical contribution demonstrated in the project include adhering to the principle of retaining historic conditions,adopting protection and reinforcement measures,and employing new materials and techniques.Noteworthy,his concepts introduced in the repair project,such as taking regular maintenance,establishing a professional maintenance team,and keeping sufficient material reserves,had a lifelong positive impact on the author's career in heritage conservation.