基于结构方程模型的桂林农村中职学生艾滋病知信行关系研究

Knowledge-attitude-behavior relationship of HIV/AIDS among rural vocational school students in Guilin based on structural equation modeling

目的了解桂林农村中职学校学生艾滋病知信行情况以及作用路径,为探索适合中职学生特点的艾滋病防治手段提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,用自行设计的问卷进行现场调查,通过Epi Data 3.1、SPSS 26.0软件对资料进行整理与统计分析、运用AMOS 24.0软件进行结构方程模型的构建与路径分析。结果共纳入588名学生。中职学生艾滋病认知总得分为(52.62±18.83)分,态度总得分为(52.26±20.84)分,行为总得分为(80.57±33.02)分。中职学生性行为的发生率为27.21%(160/588),其中,性行为的对象为临时性伴的占18.13%(29/160),同性性行为的比例为18.13%(29/160),安全套的使用率为27.50%(44/160),中职学生发生性行为后,进行HIV检测的人占5.00%(8/160)。多元线性回归结果显示,性别、年级、父母文化程度和父母职业是中职学生艾滋病知信行的影响因素,中职学生认知因素对态度和行为有影响,态度因素对行为也有重要影响。结构方程模型显示,认知对行为的总效应系数为0.20,其中直接作用系数为-0.18,通过态度产生的间接作用系数为0.38,态度对行为的效应系数为0.43,认知对态度的效应系数为0.88。结论桂林农村中职学生艾滋病知信行情况相对较差,父母文化程度和父母职业对中职学生艾滋病知信行有重要影响;中职学生存在着知行分离的现象。

Objective To understand the knowledge-attitude-behavior situation of HIV/AIDS among rural vocational school students in Guilin and the influencing pathways,and to provide a scientific basis for exploring HIV/AIDS prevention and control methods suitable for the characteristics of such students.Methods Using stratified cluster sampling,a self-designed questionnaire was used for on-site surveys.Data were collected and statistically analyzed using Epi Data 3.1 and SPSS 26.0 software,and structural equation modeling and path analysis were conducted using AMOS 24.0 software.Results A total of 588 students were included.The total cognitive score of HIV/AIDS was 52.62±18.83,the attitude total score was 52.26±20.84,and the behavior total score was 80.57±33.02.The prevalence of sexual behavior among vocational school students was 27.21%(160/588).Among them,18.13%(29/160)had temporary sexual partners,and the proportion of same-sex sexual behavior was 18.13%(29/160).The condom usage rate was 27.50%(44/160).After engaging in sexual behavior,5.00%(8/160)underwent HIV testing.Multiple linear regression revealed that gender,grade,parental education level,and parental occupation were influencing factors of HIV/AIDS knowledge-belief-behavior among vocational school students.Cognitive factors had an impact on attitudes and behaviors,and attitudes also significantly influenced behavior.The structural equation model showed that the total effect coefficient of cognition on behavior was 0.20,with a direct effect coefficient of-0.18 and an indirect effect coefficient through attitude of 0.38.The effect coefficient of attitude on behavior was 0.43,and that of cognition on attitude was 0.88.Conclusions The knowledge-attitude-behaviors regarding HIV/AIDS among rural vocational school students in Guilin are relatively poor.The educational level and occupation of parents significantly influence HIV/AIDS knowledge-attitudebehaviors among vocational school students,and there is evidence of a knowledge-behavior gap.