气象因子对察右中旗高山草甸草原牧草生长发育的影响

Effects of Meteorological Factors on Forage Growth and Development of Alpine Meadow Grassland in Chayouzhongqi

利用察右中旗气象局生态监测牧草数据和气象观测资料,分析气象因子对察右中旗高山草甸草原牧草生长发育的影响。结果表明:在气候变暖的背景下,脚苔草和狐茅两种典型牧草返青期提前,开花期提前,黄枯期推迟,生长季长度延长,平均每年分别延长3.0d和2.9d。气温和风速是影响典型牧草发育期的主要因素,气温与两种典型牧草的返青期呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),而风速呈显著正相关(P<0.05),气温与黄枯期和生长季呈极显著正相关,而风速呈显著负相关;气温与典型牧草生长高度、自然草层生物指标均呈极显著正相关,风速与其均呈极显著负相关。降水是影响牧草生长发育的又一主要因素,降水量与脚苔草开花期呈显著负相关,与牧草盖度、鲜重和干重呈正相关,但对牧草生长高度影响不大。这说明辉腾锡勒高山草甸草原水分条件基本能够满足牧草生长所需,而气温偏低、风速偏大,是限制典型牧草生长高度的主要气象因子。同时,找出各气象因素对典型牧草高度和自然草层生物指标影响的具体变化趋势,为牧草生长全程系列化服务业务提供参考依据和数据支持,提高牧业气象监测、预报、服务业务产品的定量化、精准化水平,对生态环境变化及保护利用和评价牧业气候资源开发利用具有重要的科学意义,为察右中旗旅游业发展打下坚实的基础。

On the ecological monitoring data and meteorological observation data of Chayouzhongqi meteorological bureau,the effects of meteorological factors on the grass growth and development of alpine meadow grassland in Chayouzhongqiwas analyzed.The results showed that,under the background of climate warming,the greening period and flowering period of two typical forage grasses carex pediformis and festucaalatiorwere earlier than normal,the yellow wither period was postponed,and the length of the growing season was prolonged.Temperature and wind speed are the main affecting factors of typical forage grasses.Temperature was significantly negatively correlated with the rejuvenation period of the two typical forages,while wind speed was significantly positively correlated,and temperature was significantly positively correlated with the yellow wither period and growing season,while wind speed was significantly negatively correlated;temperature was significantly correlated with the growth height,The biological indicators of the natural grass layer shows significantly positively correlated,and the wind speed is extremely significantly negatively correlated.Precipitation is significantly negatively correlated with the flowering period of carex pediformis,and positively correlated with coverage,fresh weight and dry weight,but has little effect on the growth height of forages.This shows that the water condition can basically meet the needs of forage growth,and the low temperature and high wind speed are the main meteorological factors that limit the growth height of typical forage grass in Huitengxile.These results can provide reference basis and data support for the entire series of pasture meteorological service business in Chayouzhongqi.