大白菜育苗基质营养施肥的研究

Study on Nutrient Fertilization in Substrate for Chinese Cabbage Seedling

以“丰顺28”大白菜为试验材料,采用基质栽培的方法,研究了尿素、复合肥、硫酸钾、普钙、生石灰不同配比对大白菜育苗的影响,筛选出大白菜壮苗的基质施肥配方,以期为大白菜简化育苗和提高育苗质量提供参考依据。结果表明:高肥配方H1(尿素8.70 g, N-P-K 17-17-17复合肥6.67 g,硫酸钾4.00 g)、H2(尿素8.70 g,复合肥6.67 g,普钙12.50 g)、H3 (尿素8.70 g,复合肥6.67 g,硫酸钾4.00 g,生石灰1.58 g)肥力过高,抑制大白菜出苗,导致肥害发生。配方H1、H2、H3基质发酵10 d的出苗率分别为12.5%、0%、31.94%,出苗率随发酵延长而提高,30 d出苗率均提高至100%;每2 L基质添加尿素2.90 g、N-P-K 17-17-17复合肥2.24 g、普钙4.17 g,株高14.08 cm,根长12.85 cm,叶厚0.19 mm,地上鲜质量3.14 g,全株干质量376.72 mg,壮苗指数63.86,显著高于对照。在配方L4、L5、L9施肥基础上,补充80 mL酵素可以促进大白菜植株生长和鲜质量增加,但不利于干质量增加,壮苗指数分别为26.15、28.94、26.69。综上,育苗时肥力过高,会抑制出苗率,发生肥害;每2 L基质添加尿素2.9 g、N-P-K 17-17-17复合肥2.24 g、普钙4.17 g,大白菜育苗质量最高;预混肥料基质发酵可以解除肥料对大白菜出苗的抑制作用,适宜发酵时间30 d以上;酵素可以促进植株生长和鲜质量增加,但壮苗指数显著低于未加酵素的对照,不适宜在育苗基质中添加。

Taking‘Fengshun 28’Chinese cabbage as the experimental material,the effects of different proportions of urea,compound fertilizer,potassium sulfate,calcium superphosphate and quicklime on Chinese cabbage seedling were studied by matrix cultivation method,in order to determine the quality of Chinese cabbage seedlings,screen out the matrix fertilization formula for Chinese cabbage strong seedlings,and provide reference for simplifying Chinese cabbage seedling cultivation and improving seedling quality.The results showed that the high fertilizer formula H1(8.70 g urea,6.67 g N-P-K 17-17-17 compound fertilizer,4.00 g potassium sulfate),H2(8.70 g urea,6.67 g compound fertilizer,12.50 g calcium superphosphate),H3(8.70 g urea,6.67 g compound fertilizer,4.00 g potassium sulfate,1.58 g quicklime)had too high fertility,which inhibits the emergence of Chinese cabbage and leads to fertilizer damage.The emergence rate of formula H1,H2,H3 substrate fermentation for 10 days was 12.50%,0%,and 31.94%,respectively.The emergence rate increased with the fermentation,and the emergence rate increased to 100%after 30 days.2.9 g of urea,2.24 g of N-P-K 17-17-17 compound fertilizer and 4.17 g of calcium superphosphate were added to every 2 L of substrate,the plant height was 14.08 cm,the root length was 12.85 cm,the leaf thickness was 0.19 mm,the fresh weight on the ground was 3.14 g,the dry weight of the whole plant was 376.72 mg,and the strong seedling index was 63.86,which was significantly higher than the control.On the basis of formula L4,L5 and L9 fertilization,adding 80 mL of ferment can promote the growth and fresh weight increase of Chinese cabbage,but it was not conducive to the increase of dry weight.The strong seedling index was 26.15,28.94 and 26.69 respectively.Too high fertility in seedling raising will inhibit the emergence rate and cause fertilizer damage.When 2.9 g of urea,2.24 g of N-P-K 17-17-17 compound fertilizer and 4.17 g of superphosphate were added to every 2 L of substrate,the seedling quality of Chinese cabbage was the highest.Pre-mixed fertilizer substrate fermentation could remove the inhibition of fertilizer on the emergence of Chinese cabbage,and the suitable fermentation time was more than 30 days.Ferments could promote plant growth and increase fresh weight,but the strong seedling index was significantly lower than that of the control without ferments,so it was not suitable to add in the seedling substrate.