贮运模式对杏花粉活力及结实特性的影响

Effects of Storage and Transportation Modes on the Viability and Fruiting Characteristics of Apricot Pollen

以吊干杏花粉为试材,采用琼脂离体培养法,研究了不同蕾期的花粉活力、不同运输方式、不同贮藏温度下的花粉活力及贮藏花粉对坐果率和果实品质的影响,以期为杏花粉采集、运输、贮藏及提升杏坐果率提供参考依据。结果表明:分析不同花蕾采摘时期的花粉活力发现,大蕾期萌发率为70.82%,而中、小蕾期萌发率分别为12.58%、1.66%,且具有极显著性差异(P≤0.01)。不同贮运方式下,冷链运输(8 d)花粉萌发率比常温下高11.10%,冷链的花粉管长度比常温下长370.43μm,短距离(4 d内)可选常温运输,长距离(4 d以上)选择冷链运输。不同贮藏温度对花粉活力的影响结果表明,随着贮藏时间的延长,花粉萌发率均呈下降趋势;常温下,花粉贮藏90 d时,萌发率为0%;而-40、-20℃贮藏360 d时花粉萌发率比较高分别为19.21%、18.13%,差异性较小,均可选作贮藏温度。不同品种的花粉在-20℃贮藏360 d,坐果率在10%左右,采摘果实经过品质测定均呈现良好特性。综合各方研究,大蕾期花粉可作为贮藏的花粉。花粉运输时间大于4 d时,建议选择冷链运输。-20、-40℃均可作为杏花粉贮藏温度。-20℃贮藏360 d的花粉进行果树授粉可保证坐果率,果实品质呈现良好特性。

The pollen of Prunus armeniaca L.cv.Diaogan was used as the test material.In vivo agar culture was used to study the pollen viability under different bud stages,different transport modes and different storage temperatures,and effects of pollen storage on fruit set rate and fruit quality,in order to provide reference for apricot pollen collection,transportation,storage and improvement of apricot fruit set rate.The results showed that,the pollen vigor of different bud picking periods showed that the large bud stage germination rate was 70.82%,while the middle and small bud stage germination rate was respectively 12.58%and 1.66%,with highly significant differences(P0.01).Under different storage and transportation modes,the germination rate of pollen in cold chain transportation(8 days)was 11.10%higher than that at room temperature,the length of pollen tubes in the cold chain was 370.43μm longer than that at room temperature.The short distance(within 4 days)was optional room temperature transportation,and the long distance(more than 4 days)was selected for cold chain transportation.The results of the effect of different storage temperatures on pollen activity showed that with the extension of storage time,the pollen germination rate showed a downward trend at different temperatures.At room temperature,when pollen was stored for 90 days,the germination rate was 0%.However,when stored at-40℃and-20℃for 360 days,the pollen germination rate was relatively high,which were 19.21%and 18.13%,respectively,and the difference was small.Both were selected as storage temperature.The pollen of different varieties was stored for 360 days,and the fruit setting rate could reach more than 10%,and the picked fruits showed good characteristics after quality testing.Based on the research of all parties,the large bud stage could be used as stored pollen.When the pollen transportation time was longer than 4 days,it was recommended to choose cold chain transportation.-20℃and-40℃were suitable temperatures for pollen storage.Pollen stored at-20℃for 360 days for pollination can ensure fruit set rate and fruit quality with good characteristics.