数字普惠金融促进共同富裕研究——来自中国工业企业工资差距的证据

Study on Digital Financial Inclusion Promoting Common Prosperity——Evidence from Wage Gap of Chinese Industrial Enterprises

数字化是普惠金融未来发展方向,通过数字普惠金融提高工资收入对实现共同富裕、减少不平等具有重要意义。基于2011~2015年中国数字普惠金融指数与264213家中国制造业企业数据,实证检验数字普惠金融对工资差距的影响及其异质性。研究发现:数字普惠金融扩大了企业间工资差距,在考虑测量误差、非线性关系和内生性问题后结论依然稳健。数字普惠金融能提高工资水平,对工资差距的影响具有企业规模、年龄、所有制异质性,对大企业工资差距的扩大作用强于中小企业,对外资企业工资差距的扩大作用强于民营企业,对国有企业工资差距无影响。普惠金融数字化对老企业工资差距的扩大作用强于新企业。鉴于此,应增强金融服务的普惠性与便捷性,加快银行业数字化转型,破除制约中小企业、民营企业发展的障碍,完善劳动报酬提高的长效机制。

Digitalization is the future development direction of the financial industry.It is of great significance to increase wage income through digital inclusive finance to achieve common prosperity and reduce inequality.Based on the data of digital financial inclusion indes and 264,213 manufacturing enterprises in China during the period of 2011~2015.This paper empirically examines the impact of digital inclusive finance on wage gap and its heterogeneity.It is found that the digital inclusive finance has widened the wage gap between enterprises,and the conclusion is still robust after considering the measurement error,nonlinear relationship and endogenous problems.Digital inclusive finance can improve the wage level,and its influence on the wage gap is heterogeneous in enterprise scale,age and ownership.It has a stronger effect on the wage gap in large enterprises than in small and medium-sized ones,and it has a stronger effect on the wage gap in foreign-funded enterprises than in private ones,but has no effect on the wage gap in state-owned enterprises.Digitalization in inclusive finance has a stronger role in widening the wage gap in old enterprises than in new ones.Therefore,we should strengthen the inclusiveness and convenience of financial services,promote the digital transformation of the banking industry,reduce the obstacles that restrict the development of small and medium-sized and private firms,and build a long-term mechanism to improve labor remuneration.