CO_(2)地质封存泄漏监测技术研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON CO_(2) GEOLOGICAL STORAGE LEAKAGE AND MONITORING

CO_(2)泄漏是威胁CCUS地质封存项目长期安全运行的主要因素,有效的安全监测体系是开展项目风险管理、决策制定的基础。CO_(2)主要通过井筒、盖层、断层或裂缝3种途径泄漏,不同途径泄漏特征存在一定差异,监测手段也有所不同。基于原理、优劣势、发展趋势等多方面梳理了CO_(2)环境监测、安全监测及运移监测3类监测方法,涵盖大气、近地表、浅部地层、地表形变、地层形变、地应力、井筒完整性、井筒腐蚀、CO_(2)地下运移等监测技术;概述了国内外典型项目监测技术的发展情况,为我国未来开展碳封存工程提供参考和借鉴。现有监测方法众多,单一监测技术难以满足工程需求,高精度原位在线环境监测、组合式协同智能安全监测、长期性连续动态运移监测将有望成为未来研究的重点。建议在高精度、低成本、可实时监测的基础上,构建集“空间层位、安全运移”为一体的监测体系。

CO_(2) leakage is the main factor threatening the long-term safe operation of CCUS geological storage projects,and an effective safety monitoring system is the basis of project risk management and decision-making.CO_(2) mainly escapes through three pathways:wellbore,cap rock,fault,or fracture.As different pathways pose different leakage characteristics,different monitoring methods are required.Based on the principles,advantages,disadvantages,and development trends,three main monitoring methods,i.e.CO_(2) environment monitoring,safety monitoring,and migration monitoring were summarized,covering the following monitoring technologies,such as atmosphere,near surface,shallow formation,surface deformation,geological deformation,ground stress,well integrity,wellbore corrosion,and underground CO_(2) migration.The development of monitoring technologies for typical projects,at home and abroad was summarized,which can provide reference for future carbon sequestration engineering projects in China.It is difficult for a single monitoring technology to meet total engineering needs.High-precision in-situ online environmental monitoring,integrated with intelligent safety monitoring,and long-term continuous dynamic migration monitoring is expected to become future research's focus.It is suggested to build a monitoring system integrating spatial horizon and safe migration,based on high precision,low cost,and real-time monitoring.