城市碳通量监测研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS OF URBAN CARBON FLUX MONITORING

城市是全球温室气体排放的主要来源。由于城市生态系统的复杂性和人类活动的不确定性,不同城市之间的碳循环特征存在较大差异。目前城市碳通量监测方法主要包括“自下而上”和“自上而下”两种方式,然而对于其分析框架和监测方法的综述却鲜有报道。文章系统评述了城市碳循环影响因子以及碳通量观测和模拟方法,介绍了国内外典型城市碳监测网络,并指出了未来研究方向,包括发展高分辨的全球碳同化理论与技术,验证和推广不同城市下垫面的碳源/汇分布特征,溯源解析城市区域人为碳排放和自然碳源汇规律,开展城市复杂地表与大气之间的CO_(2)交换机制及城市碳通量环境响应机理研究等。研究结果将增强对全球碳循环的认识,为我国实施“双碳”战略、应对气候谈判与碳盘点、服务碳中和评估提供科学支持。

Cities are the main source of global greenhouse gas emissions.Due to the complexity of urban ecosystems and the uncertainty of human activities,there are significant differences in carbon cycling characteristics among different cities.Currently,carbon flux monitoring methods mainly include “bottom-up” and “top-down” approaches.However,there are few reports on the review of their analytical framework and monitoring methods.This paper provides a systematic review of urban carbon cycle influencing factors,carbon flux observation,and simulation methods,and introduces typical urban carbon monitoring networks both domestically and internationally.It also points out future research directions,including developing high-resolution global carbon assimilation theories and technologies,verifying and promoting the distribution characteristics of carbon sources/sinks in different urban land surfaces,tracing the anthropogenic carbon emissions and ecosystem carbon source/sink patterns in urban regions,and carrying out research on the exchange mechanisms between complex urban land surfaces and the atmosphere,as well as the environmental response mechanisms of urban carbon flux.This study will increase our understanding of the global carbon cycle and provide scientific support for China to implement the dual-carbon strategy,address climate negotiations and carbon inventory,and evaluate carbon neutrality.