205份玉米种质资源表型性状遗传多样性分析及优异种质筛选

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Phenotypic Traits and Selection of Superior Germplasm in 205 Maize Germplasm Resources

为了拓宽玉米种质资源遗传基础,了解玉米种质资源表型性状遗传多样性水平,选择205份玉米种质资源的23个表型性状,利用变异系数、遗传多样性指数及多种分析方法,结合F值综合评价玉米种质资源。结果表明,大多数种质资源花丝色及花药色均为黄绿色,株型中间型,轴色浅红色,穗型筒形,粒型硬粒型,子粒形状中间形,粒色浅黄。穗长的遗传多样性指数H'最大,穗行数的H最小;粗蛋白质含量和粗脂肪含量的H'相同,总淀粉含量的H'最小。15个数量性状和3个品质性状之间呈现显著或极显著正相关,千粒重与穗行数呈极显著负相关,各数量性状间相互联系又相互制约。通过聚类分析,205份资源被划分为3大类群。通过综合得分F值筛选出10份优异玉米种质,可作为优良的种质资源创新材料和遗传育种的亲本来源。

To broaden the genetic basis of maize germplasm resources and understand the genetic diversity lev-el of phenotypic traits,23 phenotypic traits of 205 maize germplasm resources were selected for analysis of variation coefficient,genetic diversity index,correlation analysis,cluster analysis,principal component analysis and general F-value.The results showed that,most of the germplasm resources were yellow-green in silk color and anther color,middle in plant type,light red in axis color,cylindrical ear,hard grain,middle in seed shape and light yellow in grain color.The genetic diversity indexH'of ear length was the largest and kernel row number was the smallest;The genetic diversity index of crude protein content and crude fat content was the same,and the genetic diversity index of total starch content was the smallest.Among the 15 quantitative traits(including 3 quality traits),there was signifi-cant or highly significant positive correlation,and there was highly significant negative correlation between 1000-grain weight and kernel row number.Each quantitative trait was interconnected and interdependent.Through clus-ter analysis,205 Germplasm resources were divided into three groups.The cumulative contribution rate of the first five principal components was 69.795%.Ten superior maize germplasm were selected by comprehensive F value,which could be used as excellent germplasm resources for innovation materials and genetic breeding parents.