榆林市春玉米密植机械粒收质量与品种筛选研究

Study on the Quality of Mechanical Grain Harvest and Variety Screeningof Spring Maize in Yulin City

为筛选适宜榆林市种植的机械粒收玉米新品种,2019年在榆林市农业科学研究院试验示范基地选用49个玉米新品种,开展玉米机械粒收品种的比较试验。结果表明,子粒含水率分布范围为15.9%~29.1%,平均为20.2%;破碎率在0.2%~2.73%,均值为1.21%(低于≤5%的国标要求)。子粒破碎率与含水率之间呈极显著正相关,可用二次多项式y=0.0064x^(2)-0.1297x+1.1591(R^(2)=0.7034,n=55)进行拟合。按双向平均作图法筛选出单产水平高、子粒含水率低的品种7个,分别为五谷563、德单203、华西1804、陕单650、豫龙618、敦玉282、陕单660,其子粒含水率分布范围为16.6%~20.1%,产量为15489.0~18387.0kg/hm^(2),适合密植栽培和机械粒收。与对照品种先玉335对比,产量高于对照、子粒含水率低于对照的品种为华西1804。此外,JSH3705、五谷416、甘玉251、金穗183等18个品种脱水速率快、单产水平低于平均值,这些品种较适宜机械粒收。

To screen suitable new maize cultivars for machine grain harvesting in Yulin,49 new varieties of maize were chosen to carry out a comparative test in the experimental demonstration base of Yulin Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2019.The results showed that the grain moisture content ranged from 15.9%to 29.1%,with an average of 20.2%,while the brokage rate ranged from 0.2%-2.73%,with an average of 1.21%(lower than the national standard of≤5%).There was an extremely significant positive correlation between brokage rate and grain moisture content,which could be fitted with a quadratic polynomial y=0.0064x^(2)-0.1297x+1.1591(R^(2)=0.7034,n=55).Based on the bidirectional average charting method,seven varieties with high yield and low grain moisture content were screened,namely Wugu563,Dedan203,Huaxi1804,Shandan650,Yulong618,Dunyu282,and Shandan660.The grain moisture content ranged from 16.6%to 20.1%,with the yield of 15489.0 to 18387.0 kg/ha,which were suitable for high density planting and mechanical grain harvesting.Compared with the control variety Xianyu335,Huaxi1804 had a higher yield and lower grain moisture content than the control.Additionally,18 varieties(including JSH3705,Wugu416,Ganyu251,Jinsui183,etc)with a fast dehydration rate and lower yield were more suitable for mechanical harvesting.