优秀女子运动员压力性尿失禁症状调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of Stress Urinary Incontinence Symptoms in Elite Female Athletes

目的:了解优秀女运动员压力性尿失禁症状(SUIS)的发生情况及其对生活和训练的影响。方法:采用国际通用的尿失禁问卷简表(ICIQ-UI-SF)和尿失禁生活质量评分表(I-QOL),对某两个训练基地、6个项目中训练3年以上的女运动员共74人进行调查。其中举重11人、田径10人、花样游泳17人、羽毛球11人、柔道16人、跳水9人,运动水平均为二级以上技术等级,年龄20.54±3.24岁,平均每天训练3小时以上,每周至少训练5天。无泌尿系统和哮喘疾病。结果:74名运动员中有23人表现有压力性尿失禁症状(SUIS),发生率为31.08%。其中举重7人有SUIS,发生率达63.64%,显著高于柔道和跳水运动员SUIS的发生率,并分别高于其它各项目至少1倍以上。健将级运动员SUIS发生率(40.54%)高于非健将级运动员(21.62%),但差异无显著性。在I-QOL的调查中,有18人(78.26%)顾虑咳嗽或打喷嚏,有13人(56.52%)认为对自己的训练有影响,因SUIS感到尴尬的有8人(34.78%),担心不能及时到厕所排尿的有5人(21.7%),到陌生环境不知卫生间位置而有顾虑者3人(13.04%),因SUIS控制饮水量的有2人(9.70%)。汇总各条目的得分后可知,21位运动员生活质量受到影响较轻,2名运动员受到中等程度影响。结论:优秀女运动员SUIS的发生率较高,运动项目与运动水平对SUIS的发生有一定影响。SUIS对运动员的生活质量和训练均产生了一定影响。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence symptoms(SUIS)in elite female athletes and assess its impact on their daily lives and training routines.Methods A total of 74 female athletes who had been training for more than 3 years in 6 sports at two training bases were investigated using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Inconti⁃nence-Short Form(ICIQ-UI-SF)and the Urinary Incontinence Quality of Life Scale(I-QOL).The sub⁃jects included 11 weightlifters,10 track and field athletes,17 synchronized swimmers,11 badminton players,16 judo players,and 9 divers,all of the 2 nd level of national standard or above.They had a mean age of 20.54±3.24 years,and trained for more than 3 hours per day,at least 5 days per week.None of them had a history of urinary or asthmatic conditions.Results Of the 74 athletes,23(31.08%)displayed symptoms of stress urinary incontinence(SUIS).Notably,weightlifters had the high⁃est incidence of SUIS,with 7 out of 11 athletes(63.64%)affected,significantly surpassing those of judo and diving athletes,and more than double of all others.Moreover,the prevalence of SUIS among top-notch athletes(40.54%)was slightly higher than the rest(21.62%),but without significant differenc⁃es.In the I-QOL assessment,18 athletes(78.26%)expressed concerns about experiencing symptoms when coughing or sneezing,13(56.52%)experienced discomfort for it during their training,8(34.78%)felt embarrassed due to SUIS,5(21.7%)being worried about not reaching the toilet in time,3(13.04%)expressed concerns about locating a restroom in an unfamiliar environment,and 2(8.70%)reported restricting their fluid intake due to SUIS.Altogether,the life quality of 21 athletes were mildly impaired,and that of another 2 moderately impaired.Conclusion This study highlights a high prevalence of stress urinary incontinence among elite female athletes,with incidence varying in different sport types and levels.Moreover,their daily life and training are negatively affected by SUIS.