西藏麦地卡湿地大型土壤动物群落特征与环境因子关系

Relationship between community characteristics of soil macrofauna and environmental factors in the Mitika Wetland,Tibet

为了探究西藏麦地卡湿地国家级自然保护区大型土壤动物群落特征与环境因子的关系,于2020年7月和2021年8月根据其地理环境特征在其三个核心区共设置了3个样地(100 m×100 m),每个样地设置2个样点作为重复;采用手检法收集大型土壤动物,并保存于75%乙醇的收集管中,圆筒式环刀(高30 cm,直径5 cm)取0~10 cm土样,测定相关环境因子。共捕获大型土壤动物336头,经鉴定隶属于3门5纲11目15科,优势类群为石蜈蚣科(Lithobiidae)、芫菁科(Meloidae)、拟步甲科(Tenebrionidae);单因素方差分析显示,三个样地中,大型土壤动物个体数(F=0.194,P=0.833)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)(F=0.304,P=0.758)、Pielou均匀度指数(E)(F=0.346,P=0.732)和Simpson优势度指数(C)(F=0.245,P=0.797)均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。三个样地的Jaccard相似性系数(J)在0.56~0.65,为中等相似;功能类群以植食性为主,腐食性最少。Pearson相关性分析表明,Pielou均匀度指数(E)分别与海拔(Alt)和速效钾(RAK)呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),Pielou均匀度指数(E)分别与土壤含水量(SWC)和全氮(TN)呈显著正相关(P<0.05),个体数(N)与土壤盐度(SAL)呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。

In order to explore the relationship between soil macrofauna community characteristics and environmental factors in Mitika Wetland National Nature Reserve,Tibet,in July 2020 and August 2021,three sample plots(100 mX 100 m)were set up in three core areas according to their geographical distribution characteristics,two sample sites were set for each sample plots as repetition.Large soil animals were collected by hand inspection and stored in a 75% alcohol collection tube.A cylindrical ring knife(30 cm in height and 5 cm in diameter)was used to take O-10 cm soil samples for determination of relevant environmental factors.A total of 336 large soil animals were captured and identified,belong ing to 3 phyla,5 classes,11 orders and 15 families.The dominant groups were Lithobidae,Meloidae,and Tenebrionidae.Univariate analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference in the number of soil macrofauna(F=0.194,P=0.833),Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H)(F=0.304,P=0.758),Pielou evenness index(E)(F=0.346 P=0.732)and Simpson dominance index(C)(F=0.245,P=0.797)among the three sample plots(P>0.05).The Jaccard similarity coefficient(J)of the three plots ranged from 0.56 to 0.65,indicating moderate similarity.The functional groups were mainly phytophagous,with the least saprophagous.Pearson correlation analysis showed that:the Pielou evenness index(E)was highly significantly positively correlated with altitude(Alt)and available potassium(RAK),respectively(P<0.O1);the Pielou evenness index(E)was significantly positively correlated with soil moisture content(SWC)and total nitrogen(TN),respectively(P<0.05);the number of individuals(N)was highly significantly negatively correlated with soil salinity(SAL)(P<0.O1).