Biological and Pollution Aerosols on Snow and Ice--Interplay between the Atmosphere and the Cryosphere

1 BACKGROUND The cryosphere covers a relevant portion of the Earth’s surface,playing a major role for terrestrial and marine biomes(Bosson et al.,2023;Sands et al.,2023;Anesio et al.,2017).Glacierets,glaciers and ice sheets represent together 10%of the global land surface,while the annual average maximum of snow cover during the winter accounts for up to 49%of the Northern Hemisphere’s surface (Qin,2017).Aerosols are another major component of the Earth system,playing pivotal roles in the biogeochemical cycles and in the Earth radiative mass balance (Bellouin et al.,2020;Carslaw et al.,2010).A complex network of interactions links aerosols and glaciers.