不同时长的睡眠剥夺对注意警觉功能的影响

Effects of Sleep Deprivation With Different Duration on Attention and Alertness

针对不同时长睡眠剥夺对注意警觉功能的影响,采用事件相关电位(ERP)技术,选取27名志愿者进行了睡眠剥夺前后自身对照实验研究。分别在清醒状态下、24 h完全睡眠剥夺后、36 h完全睡眠剥夺后完成精神运动警觉性(PVT)任务,同时采集脑电数据。选用重复测量方差分析的方法比较睡眠剥夺前后P2、P3成分的波幅和潜伏期差异。研究表明,24 h睡眠剥夺和36 h睡眠剥夺造成了个体警觉功能的下降,个体完成PVT任务时的P2波幅显著下降(P<0.05),P3波幅显著下降(P<0.05),P3潜伏期显著延长(P<0.05)。24 h睡眠剥夺后P2、P3的波幅和潜伏期与36 h睡眠剥夺后无显著差异(P>0.05)。实验表明:完全睡眠剥夺会影响个体的注意警觉性,警觉注意力并非会随着剥夺时间的增加而线性下降,睡眠剥夺24 h后,个体的认知能力进入一个平台期,个体认知能力急速下降,大脑采用了代偿的活动模式以保证正常的认知活动。

To investigate the effects of different duration total sleep deprivation(TSD) on alertness and attention of healthy subjects by event related potential(ERP).A self-controlled design was adopted in this study.A total of 27 male college students completed the Psychomotor Vigilance Task(PVT) task in the awake state,after 24h and 36h of TSD respectively,and EEG data was collected at the same time.ERP data were statistically analyzed using repeated measurements analysis of variance to observe the changes in the P2 and P3 components.24 hour TSD and 36 hour TSD caused the decline of individual alertness function.When individuals completed PVT tasks,P2 amplitude decreased significantly(P0.05).This study indicates that total sleep deprivation can affect an individual's alertness.Alert attention does not linearly decrease with the increasing duration of deprivation.After 24 hours of TSD,an individual's cognitive ability enters a plateau phase,and individual cognitive abilities rapidly decline.The brain adopts a compensatory activity pattern to ensure normal cognitive functioning.