飞机风挡不同位置遭遇轻型无人机高速碰撞损伤敏感性研究

Damage sensitivity of aircraft windshield to high-speed collisions caused by light drones at different positions

以Phantom 4 Pro典型轻型无人机和某型商用飞机主风挡为对象。通过仿真法研究飞机风挡不同位置遭遇无人机高速碰撞损伤敏感性,分析在高速仿真碰撞过程中无人机撞击各个目标点的接触力变化及其在典型时刻无人机刚性组件序惯撞击目标位置造成的耦合损伤结果,并从多层风挡玻璃及其周边固支结构的吸能变化角度解释了造成风挡不同位置损伤程度差异的原因。研究表明飞机主风挡的中间区域是抗无人机冲击最薄弱的部位,无人机的大质量部件是主要冲击损伤源,风挡玻璃的吸能大小与其损伤程度具有正相关趋势;无人机以平飞姿态与飞机在巡航速度下撞击经过适航验证的飞机风挡结构时,风挡玻璃整体仍然是安全的。研究结果为航空运输实践中新兴出现且越来越频繁的安全隐患提供理性认识和技术预研支撑。

Here,taking Phantom 4 Pro typical light drone and the main windshield of a commercial aircraft as objects,damage sensitivity of aircraft windshield to high-speed collisions of drones at different positions was studied by the simulation method,and contact force change of each target point of drone hitting in process of high-speed simulation collision and coupling damage results caused by sequential impacts of drone rigid components on target positions at typical moments were analyzed.From the perspective of energy absorption changes of multi-layer windshield glass and its surrounding fixed support structures,reasons for differences in damage degree at different positions of windshield were explained.The study showed that the middle area of aircraft’s main windshield is the weakest partto resist drone impact,and large mass components of drone are main sources of impact damage;energy absorption of windshield glass has a positive correlation with its damage degree;when drone in a level flight attitude collides with windshield structure verified for airworthiness of an aircraft at a cruising speed,the overall windshield glass remains safe;the study results provide a certain rational understanding and technical pre-study support for emerging and increasingly frequent safety hazards in air transportation practice.