顶尖学者研究动态对学科发展影响的研究

Impact of Top Scholars Research Dynamics onDiscipline Development

探索顶尖学者的研究动态和学科发展的关系,有助于理解顶尖学者对学科发展的影响,对探究科学知识迭代的规律具有一定意义,可为优化人才评价工作提供启发。本文提出了顶尖学者研究动态对学科发展影响的计量模型。该模型以学科顶尖学者为研究对象,设计包含时间、主题和影响关系3个维度的基础指标,结合主题热度发展生命周期阶段,定义学者对学科发展的影响类型,构建学者影响函数,分析顶尖学者研究动态对学科发展的影响程度。本文选取基因编辑领域展开实证研究,发现该领域顶尖学者群体对学科发展的最显著影响体现在推动了第三代基因编辑技术CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)系统成为最主流的研究主题,实现了技术研究的迭代。与所有学者相比,顶尖学者发挥开创作用的相对优势最为显著,其次是支撑作用,并且随着领域研究不断发展,得到了较好的保持。计算了两位典型学者的研究动态对学科发展的影响情况,发现两位学者呈现两种截然不同的影响模式:一种是以促进作用为主的影响模式,另一种是以开创作用、引导作用与支撑作用为主的影响模式。计算结果与现实情况基本符合,在一定程度上验证了本文模型的可靠性。

This study explored the relationship between the research dynamics of top scholars and the development of a discipline,to understand their influence,explore the regularity in iteration of scientific knowledge,and obtain insights for optimizing talent evaluation.We developed a quantitative model that focused on top scholars in a discipline,utilizing three dimensions(time,topic,and influence relationships)for the basic indicators.We combined this with the development life cycle of topic popularity,defined the types of influence that scholars have on the development of the discipline,constructed scholars’impact functions,and analyzed the degree of impact of top scholars’research on the development of the discipline.Based on empirical research in the field of gene editing,the most significant impact of top scholars on the development of the discipline was seen in the promotion of the third-generation gene editing technology CRISPR(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)to become the most mainstream research topic,thereby achieving technological innovation.Compared to all scholars,top scholars played a prominent role in pioneering innovation and supporting other scholars and maintained advantages as the field continued to develop.We also analyzed the research dynamics of two typical scholars’impact on the development of their discipline and identified two distinct impact patterns:the promoting pattern and the pattern that is a combination of pioneering,guiding,and supporting.The computed results are consistent with reality,which verifies the reliability of the constructed model.