建筑垃圾陶瓷颗粒的制备及吸附Pb^(2+)的研究

Preparation of ceramic particles from construction waste and adsorption performance for Pb^(2+)

以建筑垃圾、粉煤灰和炉渣为原料制备陶瓷颗粒,可用作去除水溶液中Pb^(2+)的吸附剂。采用正交实验方法,选择粉煤灰质量分率、炉渣质量分率、烧结温度和烧结时间为实验因素,考察了制备工艺对陶瓷颗粒去除Pb^(2+)效率的影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和比表面积分析仪(BET)对陶瓷颗粒进行了表征。在1100℃下烧结60 min后,陶瓷粒径从10~20μm增长到了20μm以上,主要成分由石英、莫来石、钙长石和赤铁矿组成,铁元素对于颗粒中孔洞的形成至关重要,其中含有的-OH和-C=O官能团有利于提高Pb^(2+)的吸附能力。对正交实验结果进行极差和方差分析,发现上述4个因素对Pb^(2+)去除率的影响程度顺序为:烧结温度>烧结时间>粉煤灰质量分率>炉渣质量分率,烧结温度的影响最显著。当陶瓷颗粒中建筑垃圾/粉煤灰/炉渣质量分率为80/10/10、烧结温度为1100℃、烧结时间为90min时,陶瓷颗粒对Pb^(2+)的去除率最高,达到96.31%。

Ceramic particles prepared from construction waste,fly ash,and slag can be used as adsorbent for removing Pb^(2+)from aqueous solution.The orthogonal experimental method was used to investigate the effects of four parameters on the removal efficiency of Pb^(2+)by ceramic particles,i.e.fly ash mass fraction,slag mass fraction,sintering temperature,and sintering time.The ceramic particles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and specific surface area analyzer(BET).After sintering at 1100℃for 60 minutes,the ceramic particle size increased from 10~20μm to above 20μm,the ceramic particles were composed of quartz,mullite,anorthite and hematite.The iron element was crucial to form pores in the ceramic particles.The hydroxyl and carbonyl groups contained in the particles were in favor of improving the adsorption capacity of Pb^(2+).By OVE and ANOVA analysis on the orthogonal experimental results,it was found that the influence degree of the above four factors on the removal efficiency of Pb^(2+)were in the following order:sintering temperature>sintering time>fly ash mass fraction>slag mass fraction,and the influence of sintering temperature was the most significant factor.When the mass fraction of construction waste,fly ash and slag in ceramic particles were 80,10 and 10,the sintering temperature was 1100℃,and the sintering time was 90 minutes,the removal efficiency of Pb^(2+)by ceramic particles was the highest,reaching 96.31%.