新型高分子固土材料制备及其性能试验研究

Study on preparation and performance of new polymer soil consolidation materials

为提高北方黄土地区土壤的抗侵蚀能力,降低水土流失对环境和农业带来的影响,利用天然有机高分子纤维素材料和黄土材料进行复配,制备一种环境友好型黄土基纤维素固土材料,并对其进行了多项性能实验。结果表明,羧甲基纤维素钠和羟丙基甲基纤维素钠黄土基固土材料的抗水蚀性能较好,其最大抗水蚀时间和单位时间抗冲蚀量均为12h和4.16g·h^(-1);抗压强度和饱和持水量随着纤维素掺量增大而逐渐增大,相同掺量下,黄土基羟丙基甲基纤维素固土材料的强度和饱和持水量明显大于黄土基羧甲基纤维素固土材料,前者的平均侵蚀率相比原状黄土可降低约16%;原状黄土的微观结构疏松、表面凹凸不平,棱角数量很多,掺入羟丙基甲基纤维素钠后,棱角数量明显减少,表面平整,粘结性和结构致密性增强,且具有明显的团聚现象,因而抗侵蚀和保水的能力得到提升。

In order to improve the soil erosion resistance in the northern loess region and reduce the impact of soil erosion on the environment and agriculture,an environment-friendly loess based cellulose soil consolidation material was prepared by using natural organic polymer cellulose material and loess material,and a number of performance tests were carried out on it.The results showed that sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose have good water erosion resistance,and the maximum water erosion resistance time and erosion resistance per unit time are 12h and 4.16g·h^(-1);The compressive strength and saturated water holding capacity gradually increase with the increase of cellulose content.Under the same content,the strength and saturated water holding capacity of loess based hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose soil consolidation material are significantly greater than that of loess based carboxymethyl cellulose soil consolidation material,and the average erosion rate of the former can be reduced by about 16%compared with undisturbed loess;The microstructure of undisturbed loess is loose,the surface is uneven,and the number of edges and corners is large.After adding hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose sodium,the number of edges and corners is significantly reduced,the surface is flat,the cohesiveness and structural compactness are enhanced,and there is obvious agglomeration,so the ability to resist erosion and retain water is improved.