两个枣品种幼树在天津地区生长及光合特性研究

Study on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of two jujube varieties in Tianjin

以‘月光’和‘伏脆蜜’两个枣品种一年生嫁接苗(砧木为酸枣)为研究试材,通过对其枣头、叶片生长指标及光合指标的测定分析,探索两个枣品种在天津地区的生长和光合特性,以期为其在天津地区的引种栽植提供参考。研究结果表明:两个枣品种幼树枣头长度和粗度均呈现“双S型”生长曲线,在整个生长期中出现两次生长高峰,均在第18天左右进入第一次生长高峰期,‘月光’在第50天左右进入第二次生长高峰期,‘伏脆蜜’在第60天左右进入第二次生长高峰期;两个枣品种的枣头粗度均在第15天左右进入第一次生长高峰期,伏脆蜜的枣头粗度在第60天左右进入第二次生长高峰期,‘月光’枣则在第65天左右进入第二次生长高峰期,两个枣品种幼树枣头均在第110天左右(8月下旬)停止生长;‘伏脆蜜’枣头长度及粗度年生长量均显著高于‘月光’,在整个生长期中,‘伏脆蜜’枣头长度及粗度平均增长率均高于‘月光’,‘伏脆蜜’叶片含水量及叶片厚度均显著高于‘月光’,‘月光’叶形指数显著大于‘伏脆蜜’;两个枣品种的光合指标间均无显著差异。综合分析得出,‘伏脆蜜’在天津地区的适应性强于‘月光’。

With annual grafted jujube seedlings(rootstocks were sour jujube)of two jujube varieties,‘Yueguang’and‘Fucuimi’,as test materials,the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of the two jujube varieties in Tianjin were analyzed by measuring their heads,leaf growth indexes and photosynthetic indexes,with a view to provide references for their introduction and planting in Tianjin area.The results of the study showed that the length and thickness of the jujube heads of both jujube varieties showed a“double S-shaped”growth curve with two growth peaks throughout the growth period,both around the 18th day.‘Yueguang’reached its second growth peak around the 65th day,and‘Fucuimi’reached its second growth peak around the 60th day.Both varieties stopped growing around the 110th day(late August).The annual growth rate of head length and thickness of‘Fucuimi’was significantly higher than that of‘Yueguang’.During the whole growth period,the average growth rate of length and thickness of jujube heads was higher in‘Fucuimi’than in‘Yueguang’.The leaf water content and leaf thickness of‘Fucuimi’were significantly higher than‘Yueguang’.The leaf shape index of‘Yueguang’was significantly higher than that of‘Fucuimi’.The photosynthetic indexes of both varieties were not significantly different.The comprehensive analysis concluded that‘Fucuimi’is more adaptable than‘Yueguang’in Tianjin area.