34份菊芋种质资源农艺性状及块茎品质综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation on Agronomic Characters and Tuber Quality of 34 Helianthus tuberosus Germplasm Resources

为充实菊芋种质资源库,并为菊芋专用新品种选育及盐碱地发展菊芋产业提供依据,本试验选用34份菊芋种质,对其植株性状及块茎产量和品质性状进行差异性分析,并利用主成分分析法进行综合评价。结果表明,不同菊芋种质的植株性状、块茎产量和品质性状均存在明显差异,其中主茎分枝数和产量的变异系数较高,分别达到60.49%和58.55%;单株块茎数、茎数、淀粉含量的变异系数也较大,在33.34%~44.10%之间;其余性状的变异系数均在30%以下。从中初步筛选出高产(>30 t/hm^(2))种质S9、S12、S15、S16、S17、S24、S33、S34、S35,高蛋白种质S11、S13、S23、S35,高可溶性糖种质S6、S23、S24,高纤维种质S3、S12、S26、S30、S34,高淀粉种质S1、S6、S25、S33。基于9个农艺性状(植株性状和产量性状)对34份菊芋种质进行主成分分析,提取到3个主成分,可以反映全部信息的74.00%;经综合评价,筛选出6份适宜在山东省东营市盐碱地种植的种质,分别为X2020-2、HZ、TJ、L2-1、X2020-1、N2019-4,其中,HZ的主茎高度和节高最低,次茎和主茎均较粗,产量显著高于其他种质,达到85.75 t/hm^(2)。本研究结果可为选育高产优质和专用功能菊芋品种提供优良种质资源。

In order to enrich the germplasm bank of Helianthus tuberosus L.and provide a basis for breeding new special varieties and developing H.tuberosus industry in saline-alkali land,in this experiment,thirty four H.tuberosus germplasms were selected to analyze the differences of plant characters,tuber yield and quality characters,and comprehensive evaluation was carried out by principal component analysis.The results showed that there were significant differences in plant traits,tuber yield and quality traits among different germplasms,and the coefficient of variation of main stem branching number and yield were higher,reaching 60.49%and 58.55%,respectively.The coefficient of variation of tuber number,stem number and starch con-tent per plant were also larger,and their values ranged from 33.34%to 44.10%;the coefficient of variation of the other traits was below 30%.The high-yield(>30 t/hm^(2))germplasms as S9,S12,S15,S16,S17,S24,S33,S34 and S35,the high-protein germplasms as S11,S13,S23 and S35,the high-soluble sugar germ-plasms as S6,S23 and S24,the high-fiber germplasms as S3,S12,S26,S30 and S34,and the high-starch germplasms as S1,S6,S25 and S33 were preliminarily screened out.The principal component analysis of the 34 H.tuberosus germplasms were conducted based on 9 agronomic traits(including plant traits and yield traits),and 3 principal components were extracted,which could reflect 74.00%of the total information.After comprehensive evaluation,six germplasms suitable for planting in saline soil of Dongying City,Shandong Province were selected,namely X2020-2,HZ,TJ,L2-1,X2020-1 and N2019-4.Among them,the main stem height and node height of HZ were the lowest,the secondary stem and main stem were thicker,and the yield was significantly higher than the other germplasmes,reaching 85.75 t/hm^(2).The results of this study could provide germplasm re-sources for breeding high-yield,good quality and special functional H.tuberosus varieties.