印度国际地位与治理困境的殖民起源——国际社会的视角

Colonial Origins of India's International Status and Governance Dilemma——Perspective of the International Society

近年来,随着印度国际地位上升,其外交政策、民主制度与国内治理等问题成为学界与舆论关注的热点。印度国内矛盾日益尖锐复杂的社会状况与印度国际认可度的提升形成鲜明对比。这种现象的出现与早期印度次大陆同国际社会的碰撞有着密切的联系。一方面,印度次大陆和欧洲两个区域国际体系的互动导致了印度的殖民化,东印度公司充当了欧洲国际体系扩展先锋的角色,其兴衰的历史也展现了两个国际体系的演变,殖民遗产为印度民主制度的构建奠定了基础,同时也为印度融入现代国际社会提供了契机;另一方面,这种碰撞造成的殖民统治也颠覆了印度次大陆国际体系的平衡,原有的体系与社会结构被打破,为印度的国内治理困境埋下祸根。探究这一现象出现的历史根源,有助于理解印度在当今世界中的地位与选择,也有助于纠正“印度次大陆羸弱、西方强势”的西方中心倾向。

In recent years,with the rise of India's international status,its foreign policy,democratic system and domestic governance have become hot topics in academic community,because its increasingly acute and complex social situation is in sharp contrast to India's increasing international recognition.By introducing the international society theory of the English School,this phenomenon is closely related to the interaction and collision between the early Indian subcontinent and the international society.On the one hand,the interaction and collision between the two regional international systems of the Indian subcontinent and Europe led to the colonization of India.The East India Company acted as the pioneer in the expansion of the European international system,and its rise and fall history also showed the evolution of the two international systems.Its legacy laid the foundation for the construction of India's democratic system,and also provided an opportunity for India to integrate into the modern international society.On the other hand,the colonial rule caused by such interaction and collision also broke the balance of the international system in the Indian subcontinent,and the original system and social structure were broken,which laid the root of India's domestic governance dilemma.Exploring the historical roots of this phenomenon will help us understand India's position and choices in today􀆳s world.At the same time,through the analysis of this process,I also hope to correct the west tendency that the Indian subcontinent is weak and the west is strong.