国外技术引进与企业出口产品质量升级

Foreign Technology Introduction and Quality Upgrading of Export Products

基于全国企业创新调查数据库的国外技术引进数据,研究国外技术引进对企业出口产品质量的影响及作用渠道。研究发现:国外技术引进能显著促进企业出口产品质量升级;机制分析结果显示,生产率提升效应、产品转换效应和创新激励效应都是国外技术引进影响企业出口产品质量的作用渠道;异质性分析表明,国外技术引进对劳动密集型企业出口产品质量有显著提升作用,而对技术密集型和资本密集型企业影响不显著。进一步研究发现,国外技术引进对于技术密集型和资本密集型企业不存在创新激励效应。因此,国外技术引进主要促进了低端产业的企业出口产品质量升级,核心关键领域的企业并不能通过技术引进实现出口产品质量升级,自主创新才能突破核心技术“卡脖子”问题,进而实现贸易高质量发展。

Based on the data of foreign technology introduction from the National Enterprise Innovation Survey database,this paper studies the impact and main channels of foreign technology introduction on the quality of export products.The results show that the foreign technology introduction can significantly improve the quality of export products.Mechanism analysis shows that foreign technology introduction mainly affects the quality of export products through productivity improvement effect,product conversion effect and innovation incentive effect.Heterogeneity analysis shows that foreign technology introduction can significantly improve the export product quality of labor-intensive enterprises,but has no significant impact on technology-intensive and capital-intensive enterprises.Further analysis shows that foreign technology introduction does not have innovation incentive effect on technology-intensive and capital-intensive enterprises.Therefore,foreign technology introduction mainly promotes the quality of export products in low-end industries,and enterprises in core key fields can’t upgrade the quality of export products through technology introduction,highlighting the significance of independent mastery of core technology for realizing the high-quality development of trade.