阿拉尔市国土空间生态问题系统诊断与生态修复分区研究

Study on the System Diagnosis and Ecological Restoration Zoning of Land Space Ecological Problems in Alar City

国土空间生态问题系统诊断和生态修复分区的划定,不仅可以帮助山水林田湖草沙的发展,还对治理国土空间环境有着非常重要的意义.本文在分析阿拉尔市国土空间现状特征的基础上,选取7个指标综合考察阿拉尔山水林田湖草沙的生态问题,结合生态修复指数,利用模型和图形叠加划定了阿拉尔国土空间生态修复分区.研究表明:(1)在生态问题系统诊断方面,矿山开采环境遭到破坏、土地荒漠化和盐渍化加剧、水土流失情况严重、水污染主要受到农业生产影响,降水资源不足、植被退化和生物多样性单一;(2)2020年阿拉尔市生态修复指数平均值为0.57,各团场连队生态修复指数在0.13-0.89之间,有73个连队生态修复指数大于0.6;(3)阿拉尔国土空间生态修复分区分为核心区、关键区、缓冲区、重点整治区.通过生态修复分区划定,以期为沙漠绿洲城市-阿拉尔市生态建设提供理论基础和数据依据.

The systematic diagnosis of territorial spatial ecological problems and the delineation of ecological restoration zones are the preconditions for coordinating the development of mountains,rivers,forests,farmland,lakes,grass and sand and carrying out the comprehensive improvement of territorial spatial environment.In the paper,we base on analysis of the characteristics of the current territorial space of Alar City,seven indicators were selected to comprehensively investigate the ecological problems of Alar mountains,rivers,forests,farm-land,lakes,grass and sand.Combined with the ecological restoration index,models and graph superposition were used to delineate the ecological restoration zoning of Alar territorial space.The research shows that:(1)In terms of systematic diagnosis of ecological problems,the mining environment is damaged,land desertification and salinization are aggravated,soil erosion is serious,water pollution is mainly affected by agricultural production,insufficient precipitation resources,vegetation degradation and single biodiversity;(2)In 2020,the average ec-ological restoration index of Alar City was 0.57,and the ecological restoration index of each company ranged from 0.13 to 0.89,and the ecological restoration index of 73 companies was greater than 0.6;(3)The ecologi-cal restoration of Alar territorial space is divided into core area,key area,buffer area and key improvement area.Through the zoning of ecological restoration,it is expected to provide theoretical basis and data basis for the eco-logical construction of Alar City,an oasis city in the desert.