基于IMB结构方程模型的功能社区职业女性抑郁影响因素及对策研究

Research on the influencing factors and countermeasures of depression among occupational women in functional communities based on IMB structural equation model

目的探究影响功能社区的职业女性抑郁的因素,并建立对策以优化和提升职业女性对抑郁的自我管理水平。方法在文献查阅和专家咨询的基础上设计调研问卷,填写问卷起止时间为2021年5月1日00:00—6月21日24:00。使用“问卷星”在线问卷在微信客户端进行点对点推送,获得调研对象同意后进行填写。在“问卷星”客户端后台进行数据整理和清洗工作。使用SPSS 24.0统计学软件进行数据录入和统计学分析。对基本情况进行描述性统计分析,分类资料比较采用χ^(2)检验,影响因素分析使用线性回归分析模型。使用AMOS软件建立信息-动机-行为技巧(information motivation behavioral skills model,IMB)模型的结构方程。结果共计调研1128份问卷,其中1044份为有效问卷,总体问卷有效率为92.55%。调研对象中存在轻度抑郁情绪者451人,存在重度抑郁情绪者11人。多因素分析显示,年龄、学历、社会支持(社会动机因素)、工作满意(个人动机因素)和自我效能(行为技巧因素)是影响功能社区职业女性抑郁情绪的主要因素(均P<0.05)。建立结构方程模型显示:信息因素对抑郁情绪管理的自我效能有正向影响,动机因素对行为技巧有正向影响,行为技巧对SDS得分有正向影响,自我效能在信息因素、动机因素对抑郁情绪的产生的影响过程中,起部分中介作用(均P<0.05)。结论应加强对职业人群抑郁情绪的科普,增强职业女性的社会支持、提高职业满意度,提高职业女性管理抑郁情绪的自我效能感,从而减少抑郁情绪的发生。

Objective To explore the factors influencing depression in working women in functional communities and to identify strategies to optimize and improve their level of self-management of depression.Methods Based on the literature review and expert consultation,a survey questionnaire was designed and filled out from 00:00 on May 1 to 24:00 on June 212021.Using the online questionnaire"Questionnaire Star"to push it point-to-point on the WeChat client,obtain the consent of the respondents,and then fill it out.Organize and clean the data in the backend of the"Questionnaire Star"client.Use SPSS 24.0 statistical software for data entry and statistical analysis.Descriptive statistical analysis is performed on the baseline situation and the classified data is compared between two or more groups using Chi-square tests.A linear regression analysis model is used to analyze the influencing factors.the structural equation of the information motivation behavioral skills model(IMB)model is created using AMOS software.Results A total of 1128 questionnaires were collected,of which 1044 were valid,giving an overall response rate of 92.55%.A total of 451 respondents had mild depression,and 11 had severe depression.Multivariate analysis showed that age,education level,social support(social motivational factors),job satisfaction(personal motivational factors),and self-efficacy(behavioral skills factors)were the main factors influencing depression in in working women in the community(all P<0.05).The structural equation model shows that information factors have a positive impact on self-efficacy in managing depression,motivational factors have a positive impact on behavioral skills,and behavioral skills have a positive impact on SDS scores.Self efficacy plays a partial mediating role in the influence of information and motivational factors on the generation of depression(all P<0.05).Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the scientific popularization of depression among professional groups,to increase social support for professional women,to improve career satisfaction and to increase their self-efficacy in dealing with depression,thereby reducing the incidence of depression.