水痘感染预防控制中水痘减毒活疫苗接种的应用效果

Application effect of live attenuated varicella vaccine inoculation in prevention and control of varicella infection

目的探究水痘感染预防控制中水痘减毒活疫苗接种的应用效果。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2012至2020年水痘报告病例,其中2012至2016年(水痘2剂次程序实施前)0~14儿童水痘暴发事件为95起,病例329例,为对照组,2017至2020年(水痘2剂次程序实施后)0~14儿童水痘暴发事件为79起,病例305例,为观察组。比较两组水痘发病率、出疹时间和脱痂时间、病程和疗程。结果两组3~5岁、12~14岁儿童水痘发病率比较差异无统计学意义;0~2岁,观察组水痘发病率均低于对照组,6~11岁,观察组水痘发病率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组出疹和脱痂时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组病程和疗程时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论接种水痘减毒活疫苗幼儿水痘发病率较低,幼儿出疹时间和脱痂时间、病程和疗程均较短,且实施2剂次水痘疫苗免疫程序后0~14岁儿童的水痘发病率降低,因此,可加强14岁以上人群的疫苗接种率。

Objective To explore the application effect of live attenuated varicella vaccine in the prevention and control of varicella infection.Methods Reported cases of varicella from 2012 to 2020 were collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Among them,95 cases of varicella outbreak occurred in children 0-14 years from 2012 to 2016(before the implementation of the 2-dose varicella program),including 329 cases,were the control group.From 2017 to 2020(after the implementation of 2 doses of varicella procedure),there were 79 outbreaks of varicella in 0-14 children,with 305 cases,which were in the observation group.The incidence of varicella,time of eruption,time of scab removal,course of disease and course of treatment were compared between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of varicella between the two groups in children aged 3-5 years and 12 to 14 years.From 0 to 2 years old,the incidence of varicella in observation group was lower than that in control group,and from 6 to 11 years old,the incidence of varicella in observation group was higher than that in control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The time of eruption and scab removal in observation group was shorter than that in control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The course of disease and duration of treatment in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of varicella in children inoculated with live attenuated varicella vaccine is low,the time of eruption and scab removal,the course of disease and course of treatment are shorter,and the incidence of varicella in children aged 0-14 years is reduced after the implementation of 2 doses of varicella vaccine immunization program,so it can strengthen the vaccination rate of people over 14 years old.