环境法律责任制度类型化重构研究

Research on the typological reconstruction of environmental legal liability system

当今我国环境法律责任制度存在责任过分分散与功能失衡等困境,导致环境法律效力难以彰显。为此,本文倡导通过类型化重构实现环境法律责任体系的优化升级,即构建包括环境预防型、环境修复型和环境惩治型的三类专门化责任,分别对接预防、补偿和惩戒三大功能,以厘清各类责任的定位与边界。在此基础上,提出横向强化惩治主体、纵向健全修复机制、前瞻布置预防机制等路径实现环境法律责任制度的重塑性突破。环境法律责任的类型化重构,将提升我国环境法律责任制度的时代适应性和问题解决效能,为系统构建功能协调的责任体系奠定理论基础和实现路径。

Nowadays,China's environmental pollution and ecological destruction are accompanied by economic development,and the construction of environmental legal liability system is urgent.The current system has the dilemma of excessive decentralization of responsibility and functional imbalance,which makes it difficult to demonstrate the effectiveness of environmental law.Therefore,this paper advocates the optimization and upgrading of the environmental legal liability system through type reconstruction,that is,to construct three types of specialized responsibilities including environmental prevention,environmental restoration and environmental punishment,and to connect the three functions of prevention,compensation and punishment respectively,so as to clarify the positioning and boundary of various responsibilities.On this basis,the re-plastic breakthrough of the environmental legal liability system can be realized by strengthening the punishment subject horizontally,improving the repair mechanism vertically,and arranging the prevention mechanism prospectively.The typological reconstruction of environmental legal liability will enhance the adaptability of China's environmental legal liability system to the times and the effectiveness of problem solving,and lay a theoretical foundation and realization path for the system to build a functional coordination responsibility system.