基于知信行理论的健康教育对妊娠糖尿病患者知信行的影响

Influence of health education based on knowledge,attitude,practice theory on knowledge and action of gestational diabetes mellitus patients

目的探讨基于知信行(KAP)理论的健康教育在妊娠糖尿病(GDM)患者中的应用效果。方法选取2021年9月至2022年9月抚州市第一人民医院收治的98例GDM患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(49例)和观察组(49例)。对照组采取常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上实行基于KAP的健康教育,两组均持续护理至患者妊娠结束。比较两组的疾病知识知晓情况、患者态度、自我管理水平、血糖水平以及不良妊娠结局发生率。结果护理后,观察组患者疾病知识知晓情况中的发病原因、临床表现、诊断检查和日常护理评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组护理后的糖尿病态度量表(DAS-3)各项评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组护理后糖尿病患者自我管理行为量表(SDSCA)的各项评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组护理后空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖以及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的不良妊娠结局总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于KAP的健康教育可提升GDM患者对疾病知识的掌握,提升患者知信行水平,维持血糖水平平稳,从而减少不良妊娠结局发生。

Objective To explore the effect of health education based on knowledge,attitude/belief,practice(KAP)theory in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods Ninety-eight GDM patients admitted to Fuzhou First People's Hospital from September 2021 to September 2022 were selected as the study objects,and were divided into control group(49 cases)and observation group(49 cases)by random number table method.The control group received routine care,while the observation group received KAP based health education on the basis of routine care.Both groups continued to receive care until the end of the patient's pregnancy.The awareness of disease knowledge,patients'attitude,self-management level,blood glucose level,and incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results After nursing,the disease causes,clinical manifestations,diagnostic tests and daily nursing scores of patients in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,with statistical significances(P<0.05).The scores of diabetes attitude scale(DAS-3)in the observation group after nursing were higher than those in the control group,with statistical significances(P<0.05).The scores of summary of diabetes self-care activities(SDSCA)in the observation group after nursing were higher than those in the control group,with statistical significances(P<0.05).The fasting blood glucose,2-hour postprandial blood glucose,and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels in the observation group after nursing care were lower than those in the control group,with statistical significances(P<0.05).The total incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Health education based on KAP can improve GDM patients'mastery of disease knowledge,enhance their knowledge,belief,and behavior levels,maintain stable blood glucose levels,and reduce the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.