地脉与风土——渝东南土家族传统民居院落类型与演化

Regionalism and Interactivity:Morphology and Evolution of Tujia Vernacular Buildings with Courtyard Perspective in Southeast Chongqing

土家族聚居的渝东南地区是山脉围合的山地生态单元及水系交汇的地缘空间,在地脉的沉积影响与风土的传播交融中,民居院落在组合结构、空间形制、内部场域呈现多元表征。民居院落的类型演化与地理空间呈现相关性,表现为以地理区系及移民路径为内核的演化趋势,反映了土家族民居院落的地域性与风土性。本文以宏观到微观、物质到精神的多维度视角梳理土家族传统民居院落类型,研究其生成演化的内在机制以建构“形制-文化”逻辑,为当下土家族民居多样性的识别与保护提供参考。

The southeast area of Chongqing is a geographical space where mountains surrounded and water converged and mainly inhabited by the Tujia people.Under the influence of geographical environment and the integration of regional culture,vernacular buildings with courtyard present multiple morphological and typological features in combination,spatial shape and composition.The evolution of vernacular building in typology is correlated with geography,showing an trend centered on geographic region and migration path,which reflects the regionalism of Tujia vernacular buildings.This paper analysis the Tujia vernacular building focus on courtyard trying to construct the logic between morphology and culture with the perspective from macro to micro and material to spirit,and providing references for the identification and protection of the diversity of Tujia vernacular buildings.