明清时期杭州西湖风景山道植物造景研究

Study on the Plant Landscape of West Lake Scenic Mountain Roads in Hangzhou During Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期西湖山林景观营建具有重要的历史价值,然而风景山道作为山林开发的基础,其植物景观却缺少研究。本文基于明清时期西湖风景山道植物造景发展的梳理,揭示商业经济繁荣与佛学理念兴盛两点驱动因素。以古籍文献为主,对风景山道植物造景主要植物种类进行整理考证;以绘画为主探究植物造景形式;以现有主要植物群落和古树名木探究植物造景地域性特点,并在此基础上总结由自然声境、人文心境、民俗城境所构成的西湖风景山道植物造景意匠,以期为西湖文化景观营造与遗产保护提供借鉴。

The landscape of the West Lake during the Ming and Qing dynasties is of great historical value,yet there is a lack of research on the botanical landscape of the scenic paths as the basis for the development of the mountains.This paper is based on a review of the development of landscape planting in the West Lake during the Ming and Qing dynasties,revealing two driving factors:the prosperity of the commercial economy and the flourishing of Buddhist philosophy.The main plant species of the scenic mountain paths are examined in terms of ancient literature;the form of the plant landscape is explored in terms of paintings;the regional characteristics of the plant landscape are explored in terms of the main existing plant communities and old trees,and the plant landscape of the West Lake scenic mountain paths is summarised on the basis of the natural soundscape,the humanistic state of mind and the folklore state of the city,with a view to providing reference for the creation of the West Lake cultural landscape and heritage conservation.It is hoped that this will serve as a reference for the creation of the West Lake cultural landscape and heritage conservation.