生态系统服务对生计资本的影响研究——基于生态补偿政策的调节作用

Study on the impact of ecosystem services on livelihood capital——The regulating effect based on the ecological compensation policy

随着生态环境破坏和相对贫困难题日益突显,深入揭示生态系统服务对生计资本产生的影响,可为缓解生态环境恶化和解决相对贫困问题提供参考。基于2015—2021年陕南三市28个县区的面板数据,选用单位面积价值当量因子法测算生态系统服务价值,应用熵值法测算生计资本综合得分,实证验证生态系统服务对生计资本的影响机制,以及生态补偿政策在此影响过程中的调节作用。研究发现:(1)生态系统服务对生计资本具有显著促进作用;(2)生态补偿政策能够正向调节生态系统服务对生计资本的促进作用;(3)对不同区域而言,生态系统服务对商洛市的生计资本起到显著促进作用,对汉中市和安康市的生计资本没有显著影响;生态补偿政策显著正向调节安康市的生态系统服务对生计资本的影响;(4)对不同土地类型而言,林地生态系统服务对生计资本具有显著促进作用,耕地生态系统服务对生计资本具有显著抑制作用;生态补偿政策显著促进林地生态系统服务对生计资本的正向作用。为加强生态系统服务对生计资本的促进作用,要合理制定生态环境治理政策,提升生态系统服务价值;确定合理的生态补偿方式,加强生态修复,融合区域差异给予多样化的生态补偿支持。

As the problems of ecological environment deterioration and relative poverty becomes increasingly prominent,deeply revealing the impact of ecosystem services on livelihood capital can provide references for alleviating the deterioration of ecological environment and solving the problem of relative poverty.Based on the panel data of 28 counties and districts in southern Shaanxi from 2015 to 2021,this paper selected the value equivalent factor per unit area to measure the value of ecosystem services,and applied the entropy method to measure the comprehensive score of livelihood capital,so as to empirically verify the influence mechanism of ecosystem service on livelihood capital,and the regulating effect of ecological compensation policy.The study found that:①Ecosystem services had a significant role in promoting livelihood capital.②Ecological compensation policy could positively regulate the promoting effect of ecosystem services on livelihood capital.③For different regions,ecosystem services played a significant role in promoting the livelihood capital of Shangluo,with no impact on the livelihood capital of Hanzhong and Ankang.The ecological compensation policy had a significant positive regulating effect ecosystem services on livelihood capital in Ankang.④For different land types,woodland ecosystem service significantly promoted livelihood capital,while cultivated land ecosystem service significantly suppressed livelihood capital.The ecological compensation policy significantly promoted the positive effect of woodland ecosystem service on livelihood capital.In order to strengthen the role of ecosystem services in promoting livelihood capital,it was necessary to rationally formulate ecological environment governance policies,enhance the value of ecosystem services,determine reasonable ecological compensation methods,strengthen ecological restoration and give diversified ecological compensation support by integrating regional differences.