乡村旅游本土小企业“边缘化”演进与影响因素研究——以呼伦贝尔室韦村为例

Research on the influencing factors and evolution of“marginalization”of local small enterprises in rural tourism——Taking the Shiwei Village in Hulunbuir as an example

乡村振兴是重要的阶段性任务,乡村旅游已成为其有力抓手和重要支撑。在乡村旅游发展过程中极易出现整体受益而局部受困、微小企业发展受阻的现象,对其破解之道的深层次探索亟待理论支撑。基于社会结构性边缘化视角,运用质性研究方法,以室韦俄罗斯家庭游业主为例,探析乡村旅游地本土旅游小企业在社区旅游发展趋势良好的背景下出现边缘化的现象。研究发现:旅游业的快速发展中室韦村本土旅游小企业出现了中心化-边缘化-再中心化的演进阶段。究其原因在于,一方面是政策惠及的偏移、不平衡的经济收入、社会关系“孤岛”共同形成本土旅游小企业边缘化的情境,另一方面是本外地小企业主能力差异、消极心理建构、安逸的生活习惯加速了本土旅游小企业自边缘化的进程。总结乡村旅游地边缘化情境有利于破解社区边缘化,提高乡村振兴、共同富裕之成效。

The rural revitalization is an important phased mission,and rural tourism has become a powerful means and crucial support for it.In the development of rural tourism,it is easy to encounter the phenomenon of easily experiencing overall profits on one hand and partial losses on the other hand,referring to the hindered development of small businesses,which a theoretical support is required urgently.Based on the perspective of societal structural marginalization,and used the qualitative research,this paper analyzed the phenomenon of marginalization of local tourism small businesses in rural tourism destinations.Based on case studies of Russian family tourism hosts in Shiwei Village,this paper analyzed the marginalization of local tourism small businesses under the background of a positive trend in community tourism development.The study found that in the rapid development of tourism,the local tourism small enterprises in Shiwei Village had appeared the evolution stage of centralization,marginalization and re-centralization.The factors causing this phenomenon included the unequal policy distribution,economic income,and social relationships,which collectively created a marginalized situation for local tourism small businesses.Additionally,different capabilities between local and non-local small business owners,and negative psychological constructions,satisfied with comfortable life habits had accelerated the marginalization process of local tourism small businesses.Summarizing the conditions about the marginalization of local tourism small businesses was not only beneficial to tackle the problem of marginalization in communities,but it was related to the achievement of rural revitalization and common prosperity.