不同施肥方式对毛竹林生长的影响

Study on the Effect of Different Fertilization Methods on the Growth of Phyllostachys pubescens Forest

于2019年6月、7月、8月、9月和2020年1月、2月、3月,对福建省漳平市芦芝镇园潭村毛竹林分别采用6种施肥方式(撒播施肥、环状施肥、竹兜施肥、浅垦施肥、带状施肥、深翻施肥),连续施肥3 a,每年调查毛竹林出材量。结果表明:不同施肥时间的毛竹林出材量差异显著,以2019年6月、7月施肥出材量大,2020年1月施肥出材量最小,最大比最小出材量增加42%~50%,说明6月、7月竹林鞭笋生长旺季,施肥及时补给养分,增效明显;不同施肥方式的毛竹林出材量差异均显著,以浅垦施肥和竹兜施肥出材量最大,深翻施肥和撒播施肥出材量最小,最大比最小出材量增加53%~72%,说明浅垦施肥或竹兜施肥,水土流失少,不伤害竹鞭竹根,肥料损失少,施肥见效快,增效明显。综合结果表明,毛竹林施肥宜在6月、7月,采用浅垦施肥或竹兜施肥效果最佳。

In Yuantan Village,Luzhi Town,Zhangping City,Fujian Province,six fertilization methods(sowing fertilization,ring fertilization,bamboo bag fertilization,shallow cultivation fertilization,strip fertilization,and deep plowing fertilization)were used in the bamboo forest in June,July,August and S eptember 2019 and January,February and March 2020,respectively.Continuous f ertilization was applied for 3 years,and the volume of the bamboo forest was su rveyed every year.The results showed that there were significant differences in the yield of bamboo forests at different fertilization times.The yield was hi ghest in June and July 2019,and lowest in January 2020,with a maximum increase of 42%to 50%compared to the minimum yield.Which indicates that during the peak growth season of bamboo shoots in June and July,timely nutrient replenishment and significant efficiency improvement were achieved through fertilization;th ere were significant differences in the yield of bamboo forests under different fertilization methods.Shallow cultivation fertilization and bamboo bag fertiliz ation have the highest yield,while deep plowing fertilization and sowing fertil ization have the lowest yield,with a maximum increase of 53%to 72%compared to the minimum yield.This indicates that shallow cultivation fertilization or bamboo bag fertilization had less soil erosion,did not harm bamboo roots,caused less fertilizer loss,and resulted in quick and significant fertilization effects.The comprehensive results indicated that fertilization for bamboo forests should be carried out in June and July,and shallow cultivation fertilization or bamboo bag fertilization were the best method.