16世纪西方旅行书写中的明朝君主形象分析——以葡萄牙、西班牙为例

On the Analysis of Ming Dynasty Monarchy in WesternTravel Writing in the 16th Century——Taking Portugal and Spain as Examples

受利益驱动,以葡萄牙、西班牙为代表的西欧国家早期致力于海上探险、寻找通往东方的航线。部分西方旅行家、商人自海路抵达中国并书写了旅行见闻。在这些纪行文本中,明朝君主形象呈现出处尊居显、富贵荣华、治国有方、执法公正、选贤任能、重视教育的特征。这一形象的生成受诸多因素影响,展现了历史大背景下西方人对明朝帝王的认知取向,也间接传递出了注视者的自身价值追求。

Driven by interests,Western European countries led by Portugal and Spain were early committed to maritime exploration and finding routes to the east.Some western travelers and merchants arrived in China by sea and wrote about their travels.In these travel texts,the image of the Ming Dynasty monarch presents the characteristics of nobility and wealth,effective governance,fair law enforcement,talent selection and appointment,and emphasis on education.The generation of this image is influenced by many factors,showcasing the cognitive orientation of westerners towards Ming Dynasty emperors in the historical context,and indirectly conveying the observer's own value pursuit.