农村公共品项目制的县级运作及其治理机制——以小型农田水利工程重点县项目制为考察对象

County-level Operation and Governance Mechanism of Rural Public Goods Project System:A Case Study of Project System for Small-scale Agricultural Water Projects in Key Counties

项目制是我国农村公共品供给的重要制度安排。在农村公共品项目制实践中,中央政府日益彰显县级政府的地位和作用,逐步形成了农村公共品项目制县级运作体制,极大提高了农村公共品项目制的治理效能。在考察小型农田水利工程重点县项目制实践基础上,探究和揭示农村公共品项目制的县级运作过程及其内在治理机制。研究发现,农村公共品项目制县级运作主要以县级政府为关键枢纽,采用行政发包与市场外包等方式,运用格式化规章治理、数据化数字治理、选择化示范治理、分级化行程治理和专业化专家治理等机制,有效推动农村公共品项目进村。同时在推进农村公共品项目制的县级运作实践中,还需不断增强村庄自主性和农民主体性,构建政府、村庄与农民共建共治共享的项目治理新格局,强化协同合作治理行动。

The project system is an important institutional arrangement for the supply of rural public goods in China.In the practice of rural public goods project system,the central government is increasingly highlighting the status and role of county-level governments and gradually forming a county-level operation system of rural public goods project system,which thereby greatly improves the governance efficiency of rural public goods project system.On the basis of examining the practice of small-scale agricultural water conservancy projects in key counties,this paper explored and revealed the county-level operation process and internal governance mechanism of rural public goods project system.It found that the county-level operation of the rural public goods project system mainly relies on the county-level government as a key hub.And the government used administrative contracting and market outsourcing methods,and utilized mechanisms such as formatted regulation governance,data-driven digital governance,selective demonstration governance,hierarchical itinerary governance,and professional expert management to effectively promote the entry of rural public goods projects into villages.At the same time,in the county-level operation practice of promoting the rural public goods project system,it is necessary to enhance village autonomy and farmer subjectivity,build a new pattern of project governance that the government,village,and farmers make joint contributions,manage together,and share benefits,and intensify collaborative governance actions.