资本离乡的遗产与延续——基于响水大米产区农业转型的机制研究

The Legacy and Continuation of Capital Departure:A Case Study of the Agricultural Transformation Mechanism in Xiangshui Rice Producing Area

我国资本下乡在具体推进过程中暴露出许多实践困境。有学者因此认为,我国农业转型应该以内生发展作为基石,而不是依赖外来资本推动。为了回应这类观点,基于响水大米产区的研究发现:下乡资本虽然失败了,但它离乡后留下的集中化土地、大量闲置农机和规模经营方式等三大“遗产”,对当地依靠内生力量走出小农耕作发展瓶颈、构建现代适度规模经营体系持续发挥着作用。其中,合作社通过承接集中化土地为当地农业转型奠定物质基础,资本离乡遗留的闲置农机倒逼“企业代管”被动转型,而规模经营方式传入则内驱着“种植大户”形成。响水大米产区的案例表明,我国农业转型应该走出过度依赖自主发展的误区,重新评估外来资本在推动农业转型中的作用和价值。

In the process of China's capital going to the countryside emerged many practical difficulties.Some scholars therefore believe that China's agricultural transformation should take endogenous development as the cornerstone,rather than relying on foreign capital.In order to respond to such views,this paper,based on the research of Xiangshui rice producing areas,finds that three"Legacies"including centralized land,a large number of idle agricultural machinery and scale operation philosophy left by capital leaving the countryside.These three"Legacies"continue to play a role in relying on endogenous forces to break the bottleneck of small-scale farming development and build a new agricultural management system.Among them,the establishment of land cooperatives using centralized land provided a material basis for local agricultural transformation,and a large number of idle agricultural machinery reversely led to the transformation of"Enterprise Escrow",and the introduction of scale operation philosophy was a fundamental reason for activating large planters,the main body of new agricultural management.The case of Xiangshui rice-producing areas shows that China's agricultural transformation should get out of the misunderstanding of over-reliance on independent development and re-evaluate the role and value of foreign capital in promoting agricultural transformation.