基于DEA-Malmquist指数的肉羊全要素生产率分析——河北省与优势省份的比较

An Analysis of Total Factor Productivity of Mutton Sheep Based on DEA-Malmquist Index:A Comparison between Hebei Province and Dominant Provinces

运用DEA-Tobit模型,对2010—2020年河北省肉羊生产投入和产出数据进行效率评价和影响因素分析,并与河南省、山东省、黑龙江省、宁夏回族自治区和新疆维吾尔自治区5个肉羊优势省份(自治区)进行比较。结果表明:2010—2020年河北省肉羊生产综合技术效率均值为0.879,未实现DEA有效;全要素生产指数年均增长率为0.8%,主要受技术效率和规模效率影响;相较其他肉羊优势省份,河北省肉羊生产综合技术效率处于较低水平,但在技术进步率影响下全要素生产率增长速度最快。通过对河北省肉羊全要素生产率的影响因素分析发现,乡镇畜牧兽医站高级技术职称占比、农民家庭初中及以上学历劳动力占总劳动力比重对肉羊生产效率有显著的正向影响,羊肉产量占猪牛羊肉总产量比重对肉羊生产效率有显著的负向影响,河北省农村居民人均可支配收入、精饲料占饲料总成本比重对生产效率没有显著影响。基于上述研究,建议河北省肉羊生产效率的提升应从技术人员的培养和养殖场主的技术培训、建设养殖小区、提升小养殖户学习能力和信息获取能力3个方面入手。

The paper used the DEA-Tobit model to evaluate the efficiency and analyze the influencing factors of mutton sheep production input and output data in Hebei Province from 2010 to 2020,and compared these data with those in Henan Province,Shandong Province,Heilongjiang Province,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.The results showed that the comprehensive technical efficiency of mutton sheep production in Hebei Province from 2010 to 2020 was 0.879,which is non-DEA effective.The average annual growth rate of the total factor production index is 0.8%,which is mainly affected by technical efficiency and scale efficiency.Compared with other dominant provinces,the comprehensive technical efficiency of mutton sheep production in Hebei Province is at a low level,but the total factor productivity growth rate is the fastest under the influence of technological progress rate.Through the analysis of the influencing factors of total factor productivity of mutton sheep in Hebei Province,it found that the proportion people who own senior technical titles in township-level animal husbandry and veterinary stations and the proportion of labor force with junior high school and above in farmers'families have a significant positive impact on the production efficiency of mutton sheep.The proportion of mutton production in the total output of pork,beef and mutton has a significant negative impact.The per capita disposable income of rural residents in Hebei Province and the proportion of concentrated feed in the total cost of feed have no significant impact on production efficiency.Based on the above research,this paper suggests that the improvement of mutton sheep production efficiency in Hebei Province should start from three aspects:to cultivate technical personnel and give technical training to farmers,to build breeding communities,and to improve small-scale farmers'learning ability and information acquisition ability.