亚里士多德的非证明式演绎学说

Aristotles Doctrine of Non-demonstrative Deduction

亚里士多德的演绎学说可以划分为证明式演绎和非证明式演绎两个大类。后者以名为topoi的非形式推理工具为核心,指导论辩者从具有普遍可接受性的意见出发,合理地构造论证。它的提出使得修辞的哲学化成为可能,有效地弥补了证明式演绎在实践推理和第一原理探索中的缺位,在亚里士多德的逻辑学、修辞学、知识论体系中拥有独到的价值。

The doctrine of Aristotles deduction can be divided into demonstrative deduction and nondemonstrative deduction.The core of the latter is an informal reasoning tool named topoi,which provides a universal guidance for the arguer to construct arguments from endoxa.The maturation of such doctrine contributes to the philosophization of rhetoric and makes up for the shortcomings of demonstrative deduction theory in the filed of practical reasoning and the discovery of first principles.It features prominently in Aristotles logic,rhetoric and epistemology.