土壤改良措施对土壤微生态和西瓜苗期枯萎病防治的影响

Effects of soil improvement measures on soil microecology and the management of Fusarium wilt in watermelon seedlings

由尖孢镰孢菌侵染导致的枯萎病是西瓜生产上最严重的病害之一。为探索不同土壤改良措施对西瓜枯萎病的防治效果,利用盆栽试验,对含有西瓜枯萎病病原菌的栽培基质进行土壤改良和微生物多样性分析。结果表明,与病土对照相比,高温处理下部分土壤酶活性降低,但枯萎病发病率降低至14.13%,且土壤真菌丰度和多样性提高;淹水处理同时降低了枯萎病的发病率、土壤养分含量和土壤酶活性,但提高了土壤细菌丰度;枯草芽孢杆菌和哈茨木霉菌制剂处理对土壤速效养分含量、土壤酶活性、土壤细菌和真菌的丰度及多样性均有所提高,但对西瓜苗期枯萎病的防治效果并不明显。研究结果揭示了不同土壤改良方法对西瓜苗期枯萎病防治和土壤微生态环境的影响,可为生产上克服西瓜连作障碍提供参考。

Fusarium wilt(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.Niveum(FON))is one of the most serious diseases in watermelon production.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different soil improvement methods in controlling watermelon fusarium wilt.The cultivation substrate containing FON conidia(race 1)was subjected to improve using high temperature,waterlogging,and microbial agent addition in greenhouse,and then fusarium wilt incidence of watermelon seedlings,soil nutrient levels,soil enzyme activities,and microbial community diversity were analyzed.The results showed that high temperature treatment reduced some soil enzyme activities,however,significantly reduced the fusarium wilt incidence,which dropped to only 14.13%,and increased the abundance and diversity of soil fungi.After waterlogging treatment,the wilt incidence was significantly reduced,soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities were also reduced,but soil bacterial abundance was increased.The addition of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum agents improved the content of soil available nutrients,soil enzyme activities and the abundance and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi,however,had barely effect on wilt control.The findings of this study revealed the effects of different soil improvement methods on watermelon fusarium wilt control and soil microecological environment,and provided theoretical basis for overcoming the obstacles of continuous cropping in watermelon production.