砧穗生理苗龄对断根贴接薄皮甜瓜幼苗质量的影响

Effects of rootstock and scion physiological seedling age on the quality of oriental melon root-cut splice grafted seedlings

为了探讨砧穗生理苗龄对断根贴接薄皮甜瓜幼苗质量的影响,以薄皮甜瓜羊角酥为接穗,砧用南瓜品种明秀为砧木,分别设置了3个不同的砧木生理苗龄(真叶露真、真叶1元硬币大小、1叶1心)和接穗生理苗龄(真叶露真、1叶1心、2叶1心)共9种嫁接组合进行研究。结果表明,接穗真叶露真苗龄嫁接苗的茎粗、SPAD、叶面积、地上部和地下部干质量等形态指标,根长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数量等根系指标,光合速率、蒸腾速率等光合参数和壮苗指数均最优;砧木真叶露真苗龄嫁接苗的光合速率、蒸腾速率和生长速率最好。9种组合中,接穗真叶露真与砧木真叶露真组合生产的嫁接苗的各项指标均较好,其中光合速率达到15.42μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)、生长速率高达18.907 mg·d^(-1),分别是表现较差的两个组合(接穗2叶1心和砧木1叶1心组合、接穗1叶1心和砧木真叶1元硬币大小组合)的2.3倍和1.67倍,而且育苗时间短,出苗快,是最优组合。

In order to investigate the effect of the seedling age of the scion and rootstock on the quality of the grafted oriental seedlings,the oriental melon Yangjiaosu was used as the scion and the pumpkin variety Mingxiu was used as rootstock.Three different physiological seedling ages of the rootstock(rootstock with a true leaf revealed,true-leaf dollar coin size,one-leaf one-heart)and the scion physiological seedling age(scion with a true leaf revealed,one-leaf one-heart,two-leaf one-heart)were set respectively,and a total of nine grafting combinations were studied.The results showed that the morphological indicators such as stem diameter,SPAD,leaf area,above ground and underground dry weight,root length,root surface area,root volume,and root quantity,photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and growth index of the grafted seedlings at seedling age of scion with a true leaf exposed were the best;the photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and growth rate of the grafted seedlings of the true leaf exposed age rootstock were the best.Among the nine combinations,the indexes of grafted seedlings produced by the combination of scion with a true leaf revealed and rootstock with a true leaf revealed were better,among which the photosynthetic rate reached 15.42μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1) and the growth rate reached 18.907 mg·d^(-1),which were 2.30 times and 1.67 times of the worst combinations(the combination of two leaves and one heart on the scion and one leaf and one heart on the rootstock,and the combination of one leaf and one heart on the scion and rootstock true leaf coin size),respectively.Moreover,it is the optimal combination with short nursery time and fast emergence.