不同黄沙栽培模式对温室番茄生长、产量、光合特性及品质的影响

Effects of different yellow sand cultivation modes on growth,yield,photosynthetic characteristics and quality of tomato in greenhouse

为充分利用河西地区沙漠资源,探索不同黄沙栽培模式下番茄生长情况,筛选适宜于当地番茄生产的栽培模式。设置3种黄沙栽培模式:黄沙调温栽培(T1)、黄沙地下槽式栽培(T2)和黄沙地上槽式栽培(T3),以平地土壤栽培为对照(CK),采用水肥一体化技术,比较不同处理对温室番茄生长、产量、光合特性及品质的影响。结果表明,T2处理产量(101121.96 kg·hm^(-2))最高,分别显著高于T3处理和CK 16.14%、5.27%;T1和T2处理较CK单株产量、单果质量、地下部鲜质量、单株生物量、根冠比、根长、净光合速率、叶片气孔导度、蒸腾速率、SPAD、可溶性蛋白质和维生素C含量均显著提高。与CK相比,T1和T3处理可以显著提高可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量,而T2处理与CK无显著差异。通过灰色关联分析,T2处理综合表现最好,可以作为当地温室番茄最佳栽培模式在生产中进行推广。

In order to fully utilize the desert resources in Hexi region,the growth of tomato under different cultivation modes of yellow sand was explored,and the cultivation modes suitable for local production were then selected.This study compared the effects of different treatments on the growth,yield,photosynthetic characteristics,and quality of greenhouse tomatoes by using the integrated technology of water and fertilizer.Three cultivation modes of yellow sand were set up:yellow sand temperature regulated cultivation(T1),yellow sand underground trough cultivation(T2),and yellow sand aboveground trough cultivation(T3),with flat soil cultivation as the control(CK).The results showed that T2 treatment had the highest yield,significantly higher than T3 treatment and CK treatment;T1 and T2 treatments significantly increased individual plant yield,individual fruit quality,fresh underground mass,individual plant biomass,root to shoot ratio,root length,net photosynthetic rate,leaf stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,SPAD,soluble protein,and vitamin C content compared to CK treatments.Compared with CK,T1 and T3 treatments can significantly increase the content of soluble solids and soluble sugars,while T2 treatment has no significant difference.Through grey correlation analysis,T2 treatment has the best comprehensive performance and can be promoted as the best cultivation mode for local greenhouse tomatoes in production.