新型微量肥料硅钙钾镁肥用量对甘蓝型油菜产量与品质的影响

Effects of Silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Brassica napus

【目的】探明新型微量肥料硅钙钾镁肥施用量对甘蓝型油菜产量及品质的影响,为油菜高产稳产栽培提供新的肥料选择,并为贵州油菜轻简化栽培减肥增效研究提供新方法。【方法】以基肥纯施复合肥为对照(CK),连续2年(2020-2022年)开展油菜基肥配施不同用量硅钙钾镁肥处理(300 kg/hm^(2)、600 kg/hm^(2)、900 kg/hm^(2)、1200 kg/hm^(2)、1500 kg/hm^(2)、1800 kg/hm^(2))的肥料试验,分析硅钙钾镁肥不同施用量处理的油菜产量、植株性状和品质性状差异。【结果】基肥配施硅钙钾镁肥有利于促进油菜生长,有效提高油菜产量。与CK相比,2年基肥配施硅钙钾镁肥处理油菜籽产量分别增加0.48%~4.34%和0.93%~8.40%;硅钙钾镁肥施用量与油菜产量回归分析表明,2年基肥配施硅钙钾镁肥用量分别为1484.46 kg/hm^(2)和1402.64 kg/hm^(2)时油菜产量达最高,分别为2267.93 kg/hm^(2)和2909.45 kg/hm^(2)。基肥配施硅钙钾镁肥能显著增加单株角果数及主序长度,优化株高、分枝数、千粒重、角粒数等,降低芥酸和蛋白质含量,提高含油率及产油量。【结论】综合经济效益及油菜籽产量,油菜基肥配施硅钙钾镁肥1400~1500 kg/hm^(2)的效果最佳。

【Objective】The effects of the application amount of new trace element fertilizer,silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer,on the yield and quality of Brassica napus were investigated,which provided new fertilizer choices for high-yield and stable-yield cultivation of B.napus,and provided new methods for studying the simplified cultivation of B.napus with reducing fertilizer application and improving yield in Guizhou.【Method】Using pure base fertilizer as CK,the fertilization test to B.napus with different dosages of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer(300 kg/hm^(2),600 kg/hm^(2),900 kg/hm^(2),1200 kg/hm^(2),1500 kg/hm^(2),1800 kg/hm^(2))was carried out from 2020 to 2022,so as to analyze the differences in yield,plant traits and quality characteristics of B.napus treated with different application rate of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer.【Result】Applying silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer was beneficial for B.napus growth and effectively improving the yield.Compared with CK,the yield of B.napus increased by 0.48%-4.34%and 0.93%-8.40%respectively after applying base fertilizer combined with silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer during 2020-2022.The regression analysis of the application rate of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer and rape yied indicated,when the application rates of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer were 1484.46 kg/hm^(2)and 1402.64 kg/hm^(2),respectively,the yield of B.napus reached the highest,reaching 2267.93 kg/hm^(2)and 2909.45 kg/hm^(2),respectively.Applying silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer significantly increased the number of pods per plant,main inflorescence length,plant height,branch number,1000-grain weight and pod number,reduced erucic acid and protein content,and improved oil content and yield.【Conclusion】On comprehensively considering economic benefits and yield,the optimal fertilization was base fertilizer combined with 1400-1500 kg/hm^(2)silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer to B.napus.