海拔对盐肤木花朵及叶片黄酮类物质含量的影响

Effects of Different Altitudes on Flavonoids Content in Flowers and Leaves of Rhus chinensis

【目的】探明不同海拔地区药用植物盐肤木(五倍子树)花朵和叶片黄酮类物质的含量差异,为盐肤木的综合开发利用提供理论依据。【方法】采用紫外分光光度法测定不同海拔地区(海拔600~800 m、1000~1200 m、1200~1400 m)盐肤木花朵和叶片中单宁酸、杨梅素、芦丁、没食子酸、木犀草素和槲皮素等6种黄酮类物质的成分含量,分析海拔与各成分含量的相关性。【结果】花朵黄酮类总含量在海拔600~800 m区间最高,平均为7.48μg/mL;叶片黄酮类总含量在海拔1200~1400 m最高,平均为5.9μg/mL。不同海拔区,盐肤木花朵中芦丁、杨梅素、单宁酸含量差异不显著,没食子酸、木犀草素和槲皮素含量差异显著(P<0.05);盐肤木叶片中芦丁、没食子酸、杨梅素和单宁酸含量差异不显著,木犀草素和槲皮素含量差异显著(P<0.05)。花朵中杨梅素和槲皮素含量与海拔呈正相关,其余4种黄酮成分的含量都与海拔呈负相关,其中,木犀草素含量与海拔呈极显著负相关;叶片中芦丁、没食子酸和木犀草素含量与海拔呈正相关,其余3种黄酮成分的含量与海拔呈负相关,其中,芦丁含量同海拔呈显著正相关。【结论】海拔对盐肤木花朵及叶片黄酮类物质含量有一定影响,在不同海拔区间叶片中各黄酮类物质含量存在一定差异,海拔1200~1400 m的芦丁、没食子酸、单宁酸、木犀草素平均含量最高,分别为0.66μg/mL、0.48μg/mL、0.28μg/mL、2.12μg/mL;海拔1000~1200 m的杨梅素、槲皮素平均含量最高,分别为0.69μg/mL、2.17μg/mL。

【Objective】The differences in flavonoids content of flowers and leaves of Rhus chinensis growing at different altitudes were explored to provide the theoretical basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of R.chinensis.【Method】Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to determine six flavonoids contents of tannic acid,myricetin,rutin,gallic acid,luteolin and quercetin in flowers and leaves of R.chinensis growing at different altitudes(600-800 m,1000-1200 m and 1200-1400 m),and then the correlation between altitudes and the contents of each component was analyzed.【Result】Total flavonoids content in flowers of R.chinensis growing at an altitude of 600-800 m was the highest,with an average of 7.48μg/mL;Total flavonoids content in leaves was highest at an altitude of 1200-1400 m,with an average of 5.9μg/mL.As the flavonoids content in flowers of R.chinensis growing at different altitudes,there was no obvious difference in rutin,myricetin and tannic acid content,while there was a significant difference in gallic acid,luteolin and quercetin content(P<0.05);As the flavonoids content in leaves,there was no obvious difference in rutin,gallic acid,myricetin,and tannic acid,while there was a significant difference in luteolin and quercetin(P<0.05).Myricetin and quercetin content in flowers were positively correlated with altitude,and the other four flavonoids contents were negatively correlated with altitude,in which luteolin content was very significantly and negatively correlated with altitude;Rutin,gallic acid and luteolin content in leaves were positively correlated with altitude,while the other three flavonoids content were negatively correlated with altitude,in which rutin content was significantly and positively correlated with altitude.【Conclusion】Altitude affected flavonoids content in flowers and leaves of R.chinensis to a certain extent.Flavonoids content was different in leaves growing at different altitudes.The average content of rutin,gallic acid,tannic acid and luteolin in leaves at an altitude of 1200-1400 m was the highest,respectively 0.66μg/mL,0.48μg/mL,0.28μg/mL and 2.12μg/mL;The average content of myricetin and quercetin content in leaves at an altitude of 1000-1200 m was the highest,respectively 0.69μg/mL and 2.17μg/mL.